Imvelaphi Yawo
Akwaziwa kuhle hle kobana avelaphi, kodwana isthelwesi kudlunjanwa kobana sibuya epumalanga netjingalanga ye-China, Central Asia, Japan, kanye ne-Korea.Ibizo lalo lesayensi, yi-Prunusarmeniaca, etlhadlhula umhlobo wepremu i-armenian, ekukulokha kukhulunywa nge-abhelikosi ngokomlando elatjalwa e-America iminyaka eminengi eyadlulako ngaphambi kukobana lirhatjhwe ma-Romans eenarheni ze-Europe eminyakeni yabo-100 BC.
Ama-abhelikosi amila kuhle nendaweni ezinobujamo bezulu obuhlukahlukeneko. I-Turkey yinarha ekhamba phambili ngokukhiqiza ama-abhelikosi ilandelwe yinarha ye-Uzbekistan. Umthamo omkhulu wawo ukhiqizwa enarheni ye-Italy, Algeria kanye ne-Iran; lokha iSewula Africa kuyinarha ekhamba phambili ngokuthumela ama-abhelikosi kwezinye iinarha.
Ngonyaka ka-2003, abalimi beSewula Africa basusa umthamo omnengi wama-abhelikosi kanye nemithi yawo ngebanga lokobana gade sele bakholelwa ekobaneni akasalethi inzuzo. Ubujamobo sele bube ngcono kusukela lokho, kodwana inzuzo yayo yincani ngebanga lendleko ezinyukako ezihlanganiswe nokobana akasafunwa ngendlela leyo.
Ama Abhelikosi weSewula Africa
Imithi yokuthoma yama-abhelikosi yafika eSewula Africa ngeminyaka yabo-17th century, ngokuya komnyango wezelimo-Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. Imithi le yatjalwa esifundeni se-Western Cape ebusika.
Ama-abhelikosi weKapa, avela emhlobeni we-China, egade kumhlobo oqakatheke khulu eSewula Africa kufikela ngonyaka ka-1990. Ngemva kwalokho kwasetjenziswa, umhlobo ofana newe-Old Cape, Early Cape kanye ne-Late Cape eyaziwa ngokobana yi-Sweetstone.
Inarha Yokuwakhiqiza
Ama-abhelikosi abamahle eendaweni ezinobujamo bezulu obuhlangana nendawo kanye nendaweni ezimakhaza, ezinobusika obomileko kanye nehlobo elomileko elitjhisako. Lokha amila eSewula Africa yoke, amanengi wawo atjalwa eKapa.
Njengobana kuhlolwe yihlangano ye-Hortgro Tree Census, i-Klein Karoo yakhiqiza umthamo odlula i-75% yenarha engakhiqizi khulu ngonyaka ka-2018. I-Piketberg, Ceres, kanye ne-Worcester gade kungabanye abakhiqizi abakhulu, lokha i-Langkloof, Villiersdorp kanye ne-Southern Cape, Paarl, Wolseley, Tulbagh, kanye nesifunda se-Northern Province zinentjalo ezincani.
Inarha egade bayitjala le yincani ngamahekutha alisumu emlanjeni we-Orange River, Mpumalanga, Cape Town, Eastern Cape, Free State kanye ne-Stellenbosch.
Imihlobo Yawo
Umhlobo we-abhelikosi i-Royal cultivar lathulwa lapha eSewula Africa komncopho wokobana balomise ekuthomeni kweminyaka yama-1900 lapha umhlobo we-Bulida wathula ngeminyaka yabo-1930 ngomngcopho wokobana bafuna ukuwakhena. I-Bulida yadosa phambili ebubulweneli ngonyaka ka-2018, lapha khabe itjalwe enarheni edlula incenye njengobana kubonwa embalobalweni ezinziwa entjalweni ezizinthelo.
I-Soldonne, Bebeco, Imperial kanye ne-Palsteyn zatjalwa enarheni ezikulu ukudlula amahekuthara ayi-200 ngayinye, lokha inarha engaphasi kwe-Supergold kanye ne-charisma zitjalwe emahekuthareni adlula ayi-100 ngalinye. Umkhiqizo ubekelwe i-Royal, Peeka, ezitjalwe emahekuthareni adlula ayi-200 qobe umhlobo westhelo.
Imaraga ye-Europe kancani, kancani sele ifuduke ekutjaleni ama-abhelikosi asarulana, sele atjalwa abomvu, ekurholele ekutheni afunwe khulu. Sele kukhiqizwe inani elinengi lemihlobo emitjha eminyakeni edlulileko.
Iskhathi Sokuwatjala
Ngokuya ngokobana ubujamo betlayimedi bunjani, inarha atjalwa kiyo kanye nomhlobawo, iskhathi sokutjala ama-abhelikosi eSewula Africa sithoma ngoSinyikhaba bekufike injanga kaMhlolanja, lapha umthambo wawo omncani uphela ngo-April.
Ukuthengiswa Kwawo
Okungasenani i-70% yama-abhelikosi weSewula Africa alungisiwe, lokha i-16% yawo yonyisiwe kuthi i-9% ithunyelwe eenarheni zangaphandle ifretjhi. Yi-4% kwaphela yenthelo ezifretjhi ethengiswa eemarageni zalapha.
Ngokuya kwama-abhelikosi athunyelwa eenarheni zangaphandle, ma-abhelikosi adlula i-50% kwaphela weSewula Africa afretjhi athunyelwa e-Middle East ngonyaka ka-2018. Inarha yase-United Kingdom yathola i-29%, i-Europe yathola i-16% yenthelwezi. Umthamo omncani wawo wasiwa e-Russia, Far East, Asia kanye ne-Indian Ocean.
Asetjenziselwani
Ama-abhelikosi azele imithiya, amavithamini khulukhulu i-vithamini a kanye ne-C, namaminerali. Isthelwesi sineskhumba esidlekako, kodwana indumba yaso ayidliwa. Ama-abhelikosi adliwa afretjhi nanyana akheniwe, kwenziwe ngawo i-puree, onyisiwe, nanyana kwenziwe ngawo Ijuzi. Asetjenziselwa nokwenza i-chutney esetjenziswa nakuphekwako.
Translated by Busisiwe Prudance Skhosana