Intsusa kunye Nesivuno
Intsusa ye apricot ayaziwa ncam, kodwa esisiqhamo kukrokreleka okokuba intsusa yaso isuka kwelase mantla nakwi ntsona yase China, Central Asia, Japan, kunye ne Korea. Igama laso le sayensi yi, Prunus armeniaca, libhekisa kwi Armenian plum, oku ngoku banzi kubhekisa kwi apricots ezilinywe kwi Armenia mandulo, iinkulungwane phambi koku sasazwa ngama Roma ukuya kumazwe ase Europe ngama xesha weminyaka yama 100 BC.
I-Apricots zikhula kakuhle nakwesiphi isimo sezulu. Elona lizwe livelisa kakhulu kumazwe jikelele lilizwe lase Turkey, kulandele ilizwe lase Uzbekistan. Uninzi luveliswa kwelase Italy, Algeria, kunye nase Iran; logama uMzantsi Afrika ilelona lizwe lithengisa kakhulu i-apricot enkonxiweyo kumanye amazwe.
Ngonyaka ka 2003, amafama amaninzi kweli lo Mzantsi Afrika athi alahla i-apricot ezininzi ze bancothula nemithi yazo emininzi kuba babe kholelwa okokuba ayisayi kuphinda ibene ngeneniso yemali. Imeko yathi yatshintsha ukusesela ngoko, kodwa ingeniso isengumba onzima ngenxa yamaxabiso onyukayo kunye nokunga khuli kwesidingo sentengiso.
I-Apricots eMzantsi Afrika
Imithi yokuqala ye apricot yafika kwilizwe lase Mzantsi Afrika ngenkulungwane ye 17th century, ngokwe nkcazelo ye Sebe le Zolimo, Amahlathi kunye nee Ntlanzi (Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries). Lemithi yatyalwa ngoku khethekileyo kwiphondo lase Ntshona Koloni ngaphantsi kwemeko yemvula zase hlotyeni.
Uhlobo iCape Apricot, ekuthekelelwa okokuba yinzalelwane yentlobo zase China, yayi lelona hlobo libalulekileyo le apricot eMzantsi Afrika de kwaba yiminyaka yama 1900. Emveni koko, iintlobo ezifana ne Old Cape, Early Cape, kunye ne Late Cape ekwaziwa njenge Sweetstone, zaqalisa ukusetyenziswa.
Indawo ye Mveliso
I-Apricots zikhula kakuhle kwindawo ezinobushushu kodwa zikhula kakuhle kakhulu kwindawo ezibandayo, ubusika obomileyo, ihlobo elishushu, elomileyo. Nangona ziveliswa ku Mzantsi Afrika wonke, uninzi lwemveliso lwenzeka kwiphondo lase Ntshona Koloni.
Ngoko phando lwamanani elenziwe yi Hortgro Tree Census, iKlein Karoo yabanga malunga nama 75% ngokwendawo yemveliso phantsi kwemveliso yonyaka ka 2018. Indawo yase Piketberg, Ceres, nase Worcester yayi zezinye zendawo ezivelisa iapricot eninzi, logama ilangkloof, Villiersdorp, Southern Cape, Paarl, Wolseley, Tulbagh, kunye nephondo iNorthern Province zinemithi yemveliso emincinci.
Eyona ndawo yemveliso eyathi yafumaniseka incinci kune hektare ezilishumi kumphezulu we Oranje River, Mpumlanga, Kapa, Empuma Koloni, Freystata kunye ne Stellenbosch.
Iintlobo
Isilimo se apricot royal saziswa kweli lo Mzantsi Afrika ukuze somiswe ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama 1900s, logama isilimo se Bulida sathi saziswa ngeminyaka yama 1930s ukuze sinkonxwe. Uhlobo iBulida lathi laba nodumo kwintengiso ye apricots ngonyaka ka 2018, ngapha kwengxenye yemveliso yabalu hlobo lwayo njengoko inkcukacha manani ezichaza ngeziqhamo ezikhula emithini enamagqabi zibonisa.
Intlobo iSoldonne, Bebeco, Imperial kunye ne Palsteyn zatyalwa kuma 200 we hektare nganye, logama indawo ephantsi kwe Supergold ne Charisma zatyalwa kuma 100 we hektare nganye. Indawo yemveliso eyayibekelwe iRoyal, Peeka, Colorado, kunye ne Solitaire zaba nomlinganiselo omncinci we 100 ha ngokwe silimo ngasinye.
Intengiso yase Europe kancinci kancinci iyasuka kwintengiso ye apricots ezimbala utyheli eziqhelekileyo, ikhetha intlobo ze apricots ezimbala upinki ukuya kubomvu (blush) oku kwenze okokuba isidingo sezintlobo ze apricot sikhule. Zininzi ke intlobo ezintsha ezithe zaziswa kwiminyaka edlulileyo.
Ixesha lo Nyaka
Kuxhomekeka kwisimo sezulu, indawo yemveliso nesilimo, ixesha lonyaka lwe Apricots eMzantsi Afrika liqala ngenyanga ka November ukuya kwinyaka ka March, ziqalisa uku kutshwa kancinci izivuno ukususela ngenyanga ka April.
Intengiso Manani
Malunga nama 70% we apricot eziveliswa eMzantsi Afrika zisetyenziswa kwezinye izinto, nangona I-16% isomiswa ze 9% ithengiselwe amanye amazwe ikrwada kodwa ivuthiwe. Kuphela ngu 4% weziqhamo ze apricot ezintsha okanye ezisandula kukhiwa zithi zithengiswe kwivenkile zentengiso ezingqongileyo.
Malunga ne apricots ezithengiswa kumazwe angaphandle, ngapha kwama 50% we apricots zeli lo Mzantsi Afrika ezisentsha zathi zathengiswa eMiddle East ngonyaka ka 2018. Ilizwe lase United Kingdom lathi lafumana ama 29% ze i-Europe yafumana 16% yeziziqhamo. Ezimbalwa zathi zathunyelwa e-Russia, kude eMpuma, Asia, kunye neziqithi ze Indian Ocean.
Imisebenzi
I-Apricots ziphezulu kwi fibre, vitamins, ingakumbi uvitamin A, no C kunye ne minerals. Isiqhamo kunye nesikhumba saso ziyatyiwa, kodwa ipete iyalahlwa. Apricots zingatyiwa zisandula kukhiwa emthini okanye zinkonxiwe, zicoliwe, zomisiwe okanye zenziwe isiselo esimnandi. Zikwasetyenziswa ekwenzeni ichutney kwaye ziyasetyenziswa naxa kuphekwayo.
Translated by Zikhona Plaatjie