Amalunga amanengi wesitjalo se-hemp, Cannabis sativa, angasetjenziswa njengokudla kweenlwane. Imbewu yama-hemp, amakari, kunye namafutha wekhekhe yembewu ye-hemp zingasetjenziswa njengokudla kweenlwane, kodwana indlela ezingasetjenziswa ngazo zisese ngaphasi kwerhubhululo.
Njengokutjho kwe-‘Farm Bill’ (nofana i-Agricultural Improvement Act) eyenziwa ngo 2018, i-US ihluthulule bona i-industrial hemp efanele ukusetjenziwa eenlwaneni kufanele ingamumathi i- psychoactive cannabinoid THC engaphezulu kwe 0.3%. Ku-European Union, amazinga we-THC akuma-plant matter omileko kufanele angabi ngaphezulu kwe 0.2% ye-cannabis ukuze ihlukaniswe njenge-hemp -isango inamazinga we THC alingana ne 15% - 40%.
Inhlakaniso ze-hemp lezi zisemthethweni ingasi kukobana zisengqcondweni kwaphela, njengombana imihlobo nama-strains wesango kunye newe-hemp angahlangana.
Imisebenzi Ye-Hemp Eenlwaneni
Lincani irhubhululo elenziweko nge-hemp njengokudla okungaphiwa ifuyo. Kodwana, kuvezwe bona amakari we-hemp aphiwa iimfarigi nenye ifuyo eendaweni zemaplasini e-China.
Isifundo esenziwe yiYunivesithi ye-Kentucky e-USA lifunyene bona umkhiqizo wometheyirali weenthelo eziku-hemp, khulukhulu emakarini, udzimelele khulu ebudeni besikhathi sokukhulisa nelangeni ekutjalwe ngalo; ukutjalamuva kurholela ekutheni kumile imbewu msinya namakari ambalwa. Isifundwesi siveza bona ukuqakatheka kwe-hemp njengokudla okungaphiwa ifuyo kulele ezakhinimzimba ezimumethwe yimbewu ye-hemp, khulukhulu lokha umkhiqizo wamakari nawumbalwa.
I-hemp ingatjhugululelwa ku-silage; ukuqakatheka kwe-hemp silage efana neyokudla kwafunyanwa ku-lucerne efanako. Amakari we-hemp asetjenziswa njenge-absorbent bedding yeenlwane. Amafutha asalako embewini, angasetjenziswa ukwenza ukudla kwenlwane.
Lokha nakukhutjhwa amafutha embewini ye-hemp, kusala ikhekhe lembewu. Ikhekhe lembewu ye-hemp elimumethe amaphrotheyini lingasetjenziswa ukwenza ukudla kwe-hemp okungajamela amaphrotheyini ekudleni kwefuyo. Ukudla kwe-hemp kumumethe amaprotheyini, i-iron, i-magnesium kunye ne-manganese, begodu namazinga aphezulu womthiya ne-amino esidi aqakathekileko.
Imbewu ye-hemp esikhathini esinengi isetjenziswa njengokudla kweenyoni begodu kuhlanganiswe nezinye iimbewu. Ibuye isetjenziswe njengokudla okuthiywa ngakho iimfesi njenge-carp. Nayisetjenziswa njengokudla kokuthiya iimfesi, imbewu ye-hemp ifakwa ngemanzini iphekwe kufikela lapho ithoma ukuhlukana khona. Bese kuthi amafutha wembewu ye-hemp amancani athelwe ngemva ibese i-hemp isetjenziswa njengesithiyo.
I-Hemp Njengokudla Kokungezelela
NgoTjhirhweni 2019, iintjhaba ezi 40 e-USA zavunyelwa bona zifunde ngalokho okungenzeka lokha nange i-hemp ingasetjenziswa njengokudla kweenlwane. I-hemp izokuphiwa iinlwane njenge-seed meal, ama-pellets nofana njengamafutha angezelelweko.
Nanamkha i-US Agricultural Improvement Act of 2018 yangezelela ukukhiqizwa kwe-hemp ngokomthetho ukudlula eminyangweni yezefundo ephezulu neminyangweni yombuso, umthetho awuhlathululi ukusetjenziswa kwe-hemp njengokudla kokungezelela. Ngalokho ukusetjenziswa kwe-hemp ekudleni kweenlwane kusengakavunyelwa.
NgoKhukhulamungu 2019 kwabikwa bona i-US-based Hemp Feed Coalition isebenza ne- FDA-Center for Veterinary Medicine ukuvula amarhwebo angasebenzisa i-hemp njengokudla kweenlwane kokungezelela.
Ngo2008, iyunivesithi ye-Swedish yaqathanisa amakhekhe wembewu ye-hemp (ngemva kokukhupha amafutha amakhaza) nokudla kwesoya njengokudla kweprotheyini kwamakonyana. Imiphumela yatjengisa ukukhula okufanako kodwana i-rumen yabancono (ukugaya) lokha nagade zidla ikhekhe lembewu ye-hemp.
E-Canada iinhlahlubo ngo 1998, i-hemp yahlolwa nezimvini ukujamela ukudla kwekhanola okutjhisako kufikela ku 20% yayoyoke i-dry matter yokudla okunganamithelela emimbi ekudleni ekudliwako nofana ezakhenimzimba ezinikelwako.
Isifundo, esakhitjhwa ngo 2012 ku-Poultry Science, saveza bona lokha iinkhukhukazi lokha naziphiwa ukudla okune 20% yembewu ye-hemp, amaqanda wazo bekabudisi begodu amumethe amazinga aphezulu we-omega 3 fatty acids.
Translated by Busisiwe Prudance Skhosana