Swiphemu swotala swa ximilani xa hemp, Cannabis sativa, swilulamerile kuva switirhisiwa hi swifuwo. Mbewu ya hemp, matluka, na hemp seed oil cake swinga phameriwa swifuwo, hambiswiritano, switirhisiwa swotala swaha lavisisiwa.
Tani hi laha swihlamuseriweke eka ‘Farm Bill’ (or Agricultural Improvement Act) leyi tivisiweke ntshungu hi 2018, tiko ra US rihlamusela industrial hemp yi lulamerile kuva yitirhisiwa hi swifuwo loko yingari na kutlula 0.3% wa psychoactive cannabinoid THC. Eka European Union, nhlayo ya THC eka leswinga oma yingaka yingavei ehenhla ka 0.2% eka kuva cannabis yitekiwa tani hi ‘hemp’ - Marijuana yina nhlayo ya THC leyinga exikarhi ka 15% - 40%.
Kuvekiwa ka mintlawa leyi ya hemp swile nawini naswona aswi physiological, tani hileswi tinxaka na vuswikoti bya marijuana na hemp swinga hlanganisiwaka.
Switirhisiwa Swa Hemp Eka Swifuwo
Vulavisisi byintsongo byi endliwile eka hemp tani hi swakudya swa swifuwo. Hambiswiritano, ku vikiwe leswaku matluka ya hemp ya phameriwa tinguluve xikan’we na swifuwo swin’wana e matiko xikaya ya China.
Vulavisisi byale University ya Kentucky e USA byi kume leswaku vuhumelerisi bya swimilani swa hemp, ngopfu ngopfu matluka, swiya hi ku leha ka nguva yokulaxikan’we na siku raku byala; loko ku hlwele ku byariwa swiendla leswaku swimilani swihatlisa kuveka mbewu xikan’we nakuva na matluka yantsongo. Vulavisisi byi hlohletela leswaku nkoka wa hemp tani hi swakudya swa swifuwo wuya hi nhlayo ya swakudya leswinga eka mbewu ya hemp, ngopfu ngopfu loko kuhumelerisiwa ka matluka swiri ehansi.
Hemp yinga lulamisiwa yiva silage; nkoka lowu fanaka wa hemp silage wukumeke kuva wufana nawa lucerne. Matluka ya hemp yatirhisiwa tani hi swondlalela leswi tswongaka swa swifuwo. Loko leswi salaka - hemp seed meal - leswi salaka loko ku humesiwe mafurha kusuka eka mbewu, swinga tirhisiwa tani hi mphakelo wa swifuwo.
Ku humesiwa kamafurha kusuka eka mbewu ya hemp, leswi salaka i seed cake. Nhlayo yale henhla yati protein eka hemp seed cake yinga endla leswaku hemp meal yiteka ndzhawu yati protein eka swakudya swa swifuwo na swihadyani swale kaya. Hemp meal yina ti protein, iron, magnesium na manganese, xikan’we na nhlayo yale henhla ya dietary fibre xikan’we nati amino acids ta nkoka.
Mbewu ya hemp yitala ku tirhisiwa tani hi birdseed naswona eka mpfanganyiso wa mbewu. Yitlhela yitirhisiwa tani hi xo rhiya tihlampfi. Loko ku rhiyiwa tihlampfi, mbewu ya hemp yi cheriwa ematini kutani yi swekiwa kufikela yi pandzekela. Kutani ku katsiwa mafurha ya mbewu leyi laha endzhaku ku tirhisiwaka hemp ku khoma tihlampfi.
Hemp Tani Hi Mpfuneto Wa Swakudya
Hi January 2019, 40 wa matiko yale USA ya pfumeleriwile ku dyondza vuswikoti bya hemp tani hi swakudya swa swifuwo. Hemp yita phameriwa tani hi crushed hemp seed meal, pellets kumbe hemp oil leyi nyikiwaka tani hi mphakelo wo engetelela.
Hambi leswi US Agricultural Improvement Act of 2018 wunga ndlandlamuxa kuva enawini ka vuhumelerisi bya hemp kuhundza laha aku pimeriwe swikolo swa dyondzo yale henhla xikan’we na tindzawulo ta mfumo, nawu awu khumbi kutirhisiwa ka hemp tani hi swakudya swo engetelela. Hikwalaho ka sweswo kutirhisiwa ka hemp tani hi swakudya swa swifuwo aswi pfumeleriwangi nasweswi.
Hi September 2019 ku vikiwe leswaku nhlangano lowunga e US wa Hemp Feed Coalition wule kutirhisaneni na FDA-Center ya Veterinary Medicine kuva ku pfuriwa timakete tintshwa takuva ku tirhisiwa hemp tani hi swakudya swo engetelela swa swifuwo.
Hi 2008, University yale Sweden yi pimanyise hemp seed cake (endzhaku ka kuhumesiwa mafurha yakarhi ya titimela) na soya meal tani hi swakudya swati protein eka swakudya swa marhole lawa yantsongo. Mbuyelo wukombeta kukula loku fanaka kambe ku antswise migingiriko yale khwirini (mpfuvelo) hi hemp seed cake.
Eka swikambelo swale Canada hi 1998, hemp yitlhele yi kamberiwa hi tinyimpfu kuva yiteka vundzhawu bya canola meal leyi kufumetiweke kufika eka 20% ya swakudya swo oma leswingariki na leswinga vavisaka loko swidyiwa kumbe kutirhisiwa ka swakudya.
Vulavisisi, lebyi humelerisiweke hi 2012 eka Poultry Science, byi vika leswaku loko tihuku ti phameriwe swakudya leswingana kwalomu ka 20% wa hemp seed, matandza yatona ya tikela nyana naswona yava na nhlayo yale henhla ya omega-3 fatty acids.
Translated by Ike Ngobeni