Ukutshala Ummbila Omnandi

Traditional maize

Ukusabalalisa

Ukusabalalisa kwenziwa imbewu.

Indlela Yokutshala

Imbewu kufanele itshalwe u-4 cm ukujula ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi eliphakeme lifinyelela ku-16°C kuya ku-20°C ukuze kuhlume ngokuphumelelayo ngemuva kokutshala okusemandleni. Kubalulekile ukutshala ngokufanayo ngalokhu ukujula ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izitshalo zikhula ngokufanayo. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuvuna.
Ukutshala kwenziwa ngeemishini ukuqinisekisa ukufana kwezitshalo. Ngezimboni ezincane zokutshala kungenziwa ngesandla.

Isikhala

Izitshalo zommbila okumnandi kumele zihlukaniswe ngamasentimitha angama-20 kuya ku-30 emigqeni engama-80 kuya ku-100 cm ngaphandle. Lokhu kufaka phakathi kuka-40 000 no-60 000 izitshalo ngehektare.

Isikhathi sokuhlwanyela

ENingizimu Afrika bahlwanyela imbewu yemmbila kusukela ngo-Ncwaba kuya ku-Mashi noma ngisho nasekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli ezindaweni ezifudumele zokushisa ngasekupheleni kwelanga futhi kungekho qhwa.

Isikhathi sokukhula

Ummbila omnandi uthatha amasonto ayishumi kuya kwangu-12 ukuze kufinyelele ukuvuna ukuvuna uma isimo sezulu sifudumele futhi izimo zilungile. Uma isikhathi sokukhula sithola amazinga okushisa apholile, ukuvunwa kommbila kungabambezeleka futhi kungadinga kuze kube amasonto angu-14. Isigaba sokuqhakaza kwenzeka emasontweni angaba ngu-6 ukuya kwangu-7 kusukela ekutshalweni nasekuvuneni ukuvuna kungamaviki amathathu emva kwalokho.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezihle, ukhetho olusha oluhlukahlukene luvunwe phakathi kwamasonto ayisishiyagalombili kuya kwangu-9 kanti abakhiqizi abathile bayakwazi ukukhiqiza izitshalo ezimbili ngonyaka.

Isivundiso

©Louise Brodie

The Sweet corn plant.

Lapho utshala, sebenzisa u-800 kuya ku-1000 kg we-2:3:2 (22) N:P:K inhlanganisela ngehektare. Lokhu kungenziwa uma kulungiswa indawo yesitshalo ngokushesha ngaphambi kokutshala. Lokhu kuthuthukisa inhlabathi ngamacronutrients amathathu amakhulu okuyi-nitrogen (N), i-Phosphate (P) ne-Potassium (K).
Emasontweni amathathu emva kokutshala, lapho izitshalo sezizakhele zona, sebenzisa i-nayithrojeni eyengeziwe ngo-400 kuya ku-500 Kg we-LAN ngehektare ukukhulisa ukukhula nokuqinisa isitshalo.
Ngaphambi kwembali cishe amasonto ayi-6 kuya kwangu-7 ngesikhathi sokukhula, okunye okumele kube ngu-400 kuya ku-500 kg we-1:0:1 (29) kufanele kusetshenziswe njengoba lokhu kuhlinzeka ngemali elinganayo yenayithrojeni ekukhuleni nePotassium ngokuhleleka kwezindlebe zommbila kanye nokwakheka komongo.

Ukunisela

Nisela ngokushesha emva kokutshala imbewu enhle ukuze ihlaliseke imbewu. Unganiseli okudlulisele njengoba lokhu kuzopholisa inhlabathi bese kuphazamisa ukuhluma. Uma izitshalo seziqalile ukukhula futhi izimpande ziqala ukuzakhela, ukwandisa ukuchelela phakathi kuka-25 kuya ku-35 mm ngesonto phakathi nesikhathi sokukhula. Khumbula ukuthi inhlabathi enefenya izothuthuka ngokushesha futhi ingadinga ukuchelela okuqhubekayo njalo njengoba isivuno siqala futhi inhlabathi enobumba obuningi bungadinga ukuchelela okunciphisa kangako njalo ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo. Unganisela isonto ngaphambi kokuvuna.
Njalo qapha umthamo womswakama womhlabathi njalo noma ukufaka umhlabathi umswakama amamitha noma ngesandla ngefosholo.

Translated by Nsika Khoza