Kubyala xifaki xo nyanganya

Traditional maize

Mabyalelo

SXifaki xibyariwa hi mbewu

Ndlela yobyala

Mbewu yifanele ku byariwa kwalomu ka 4 cm hiku enta e hansi ka misava kutiyisisa leswaku leswaku misava yale henhla yina mahiselo yale xikarhi ka 16 °C kuya eka 20 °C leswaku yita mila kahle naswona hiku hatlisa endzhaku ko byariwa. Swina nkoka swinene leswaku swibyariwa eka vuenti byo fana leswaku swimilani swita kula kuringana. Leswi switlhela swiva na nkoka eka ntshovelo. Ku byala swinga endliwa hi muchini kutiyisisa leswaku swimilani swaringana. Eka tindzhawu letintsongo kubyala swinga endliwa hiku tirhisa voko.

Xipesi

Swimilani swa xifaki lexi xo nyanganya swifanele ku endliwa eka xipesi xa kwalomu ka 20 kuya eka 30 cm hiku hambana eka mintila leyinga eka 80 kuya eka 100 cm. Leswi swiringana nale xikarhi ka 40 000 na 60 000 wa swimilani hi hectare.

Nkarhi wo byala

E Afrika Dzonga byala mbewu ya mavele kusukela hi nhweti ya August kuya fika eka March kumbe emasunguleni ya April eka tindzhawu leti hisaka naswona tipfumalaka gwitsi.

Nkarhi wo kula

Swifaki switeka kwalomu ka 10 kuya eka 12 wa mavhiki kuringanela kutshoveriwa loko maxelo yari lawa ya kufumelaka kumbe ya fambelanaka na swona. Loko nkarhi wobyala wuva na mahiselo yale hansi kumbe kutitimela leswi swinga endla leswaku nkarhi wu engeteleleka kuya fika eka 14 wa mavhiki. Kusungula kuva ku huma swifaki eka mavele switeka kwalomu ka 6 kuya eka 7 wa mavhiki kusuka eku byaleni naswona ntshovelo wuva wu ringanerile endzhaku ka mavhiki ya nharhu kusukela kwalano.
Ehansi ka maxelo lawa yanga kahle, kuna tinxaka tohambana hambana letinga tshoveriwa exikarhi ka ma vhiki ya nhungu kumbe nkaye laha varimi van’wana vakotaka kuva na swibyariwa swimbirhi hi lembe.

Ku nonisa misava

©Louise Brodie

The Sweet corn plant.

Hinkarhi wobyala, chela 800 kuya eka 1000 kg ya 2:3:2 (22) N:P:K nkatsakanyo hi hectare. Leswi swinga endliwa loko ku leveriwa laha kungata byaleriwa kona swimilani kunga se byariwa. Leswi swinyika misava swakudya swinharhu swankoka swinene swotani hi Nitrogen (N), Phosphate (P) na Potassium (K).
Endzhaku ka mavhiki yanharhu loko kutava ku byariwile, loko swimilani switava swimirile, chela Nitrogen yo engetelela hi xivumbeko xa 400 kuya eka 500 Kg ya LAN hi hectare ku pfuneta kukula naku tiya ka swimilani. Loko swinga se humesa swifaki, kwalomuya ka 6 kuya eka 7 wa mavhiki hinkarhi wokula, ngetela nakambe 400 kuya eka 500 kg ta 1:0:1 (29) leyi faneleke ku cheriwa tani hileswi swi engetelelaka nhlayo yo ringanela ya Nitrogen leyi pfunetaka kukula ka swimilani na Potassium leyi tiyisisaka kuvumbeka ka swifaki leswikulu.

Ku cheleta

Cheleta loko u heta kubyala mbewu ya mavele leswaku yita hatla yitshamiseka. Unga cheleti kutlula mpimo hikuva leswi swita endla leswaku misava yi hola kutlula mpimo leswingata endla leswaku mbewu yinga hatli yi mila. Loko swimilani swisungule kumila, xikan’we na timintsu tihumile, unga tlakusa mpimo wa macheletelo wuva exikarhi ka 25 kuya eka 35 mm hi vhiki eka nkarhi hinkwawo waku kula ka swimilani. Tsundzuka leswaku misava ya sandy yita tswonga mati hiku hatlisa naswona yita lava kutshama yiri eku cheletiweni loko swimilani swirikarhi swikula naswona misava leyinga tala vumba yona ayinge lavi ku cheletiwa ngopfu loko swimilani swiri ekukuleni. Unga cheleti kuringana vhiki loko kunga se tshoveriwa.
Tshama u tlhome tihlo eka kutsakama ka misava yoleyo kungava hiku nghenisiwa kati moisture meters kumbe hiku tirhisa xipedi kumbe augur.

Translated by Ike Ngobeni