Kulawula ximilani xa xifaki xonyanganya

Mielie garden in Schmitsdrift, Northern Cape. Subsistence farming watering the plants

Ku cinciwa ka swimilani

Ku cinciwa ka swimilani switshama swiri maendlelo ya kahle kuwa landzelela tani hileswi swihungutaka ku tiyisela ka switsotswana swokarhi. Swimilani swin’wana leswi unga cincaka hiswona eka mavele hileswi: Ssy beans, potatoes, leafy vegetables, wheat na alfalfa.
Mbuyelo (tonnes hi hectare)
Hintolovelo: 10 tonnes
Exikarhi: 15 tonnes
Wa kahle: 25 tonnes +

Ntshovelo

©Louise Brodie

Commercial farm irrigation of a maize field

Ku tshovela swifaki swiendliwa loko tindzoho tingase tiyelela hikuva swotala swixavisiwa leswaku swita dyiwa swaha tsakakma. Leswi swiva swiri exikarhi ka 9 na 14 wa mavhiki kusukela eku byariweni naswona swiya hi muxaka lowu byariweke na xiyimo xa maxelo hinkarhi wobyala, tani hileswi maxelo yotititmela ya lehisaka nkarhi wokula ka swimilani.
Ntshovelo wufanele kuva wu endliwaloko xifaki xihumesa mafi naswona leswi swivuriwa milky stage. Kambela swifaki hiku tirhisa voko, laha ungata vandla xifaki hi mukwana kukamba loko mafi ya lulamerile kumbe yanga lulamelanga. Mapfipfi lawa yanga ehenhla ka xifaki nawona yatava ya cince muhlovo ya hundzuka ya buraweni.
Ntshovelo hinkarhi wakahle wuna nkoka swinene hikuva loko ku hundza nkarhi lowu xifaki xingana mafi, xita sungula ku oma kutani xi lahlekeriwa hi nantswo lowuya wo nyanganya. Ntshovelo wu endliwa hi voko emasinwini lawa yantsongo naswona kutirhisiwa muchini laha masimu yanga yakulu swinene.

Nhlayiso

Swikahle ku horisa, u fambisa naku xavisa swifaki loko swahakutshoveriwa. Matitimetelo yakona yafanele kuva eka mpimo wa 0 °C kuya eka 2 °C laha kungana 95%+ relative humidity (RH). Loko swivekiwe eka matitimelelo lawa naswona RH, swifaki swinga vekiwa kuringana 7 kuya eka 10 wa masiku swinga lahlekeriwanga hi nchumu. Endzhaku ka sweswo swilahlekeriwa hi nantswo na chukele naswona loko swivekiwile ka matitimelelo yoka yangari kahle swiendla leswaku swingaha dyeki naku lahlekeriwa hi khwalithi.

Switsotswana

Bollworm, Aphids, Nematodes, Stalk Borers, Spider mite, Cutworms na leaf hoppers hi swin’wana swa switsotswana swantolovelo.

Mavabyi

Swantolovelo leswi u fanele ku swilangutela i Leaf Blight, Streak virus, Rust, Ear na Stalk rot, xikan’we na Grey Leaf Spot.
Ku lawula switsotswana hindlela ya kahle swina nkoka kuya emahlweni u languta swimilani swa wena nakuva u kuma switsundzuxo kusuka eka extension officer na crop protection chemical advisor.

Translated by Ike Ngobeni