Ukulawula Isityalo Sombona Oswiti
Ukutshintshwa - Tshintshwa Kwesityalo
Ukutshintshwa-tshintshwa kwesityalo kubalulekile njengoko kunciphusa amathuba okwanda kwezonakalisi ezithile. Ezinye izityalo ekunokutshintshwa ngazo umbona oswiti zezi: Iimbotyi, iitapile, imifuno engamagqabi, ingqolowa kunye ne alfalfa.
Isivuno (Iitoni kwi hekthare nganye)
Esiqhelekileyo: 10 iitoni
Esiphakathi: 15 iitoni
Esihle: 25 iitoni
Ukuvunwa
Commercial farm irrigation of a maize field
Umbona oswiti uvunwa xa izikwebu zingekagqibeleli ncam kuba uninzi luthengisewa ukutyiwa lunjalo. Oku kuphakathi kweeveki ezili 9 ukuya kwezili 14 ukusuka ngexesha lokutyala. Kuyaxhomekeka ke nakwindidi yesityalo kwakunye nemozulu ngethuba isityalo sikhula. Imozulu epholileyo icothisa ukukhula ize yandise ixesha lokukhula. Ukuvunwa kufuneka kwenziwe xa umbona usenejusi emhlophe enga lubisi. Jonga umbona ngesandla usebenzisa izipho lakho ukuchuba umbona, kwaye ukuba amanzi awekabikho mhlobe lonto ithetha ukuba umbona wakho awuka lungi. Iitassels encamini yesityalo zizakube sele zijike zantsundu ngombala. Ukuvuna kwinqanaba elilungileyo kubalulekile kakhulu kuba xa uvune sele lidlulile eli “lobisi” umbona uzakuqala ukoma uphulukane nencasa eswiti. Kungavunwa ngesandla kwiziza ezincinance ze kuvunwe ngemitshini yokuvuna kwiziza ezikhulu zemveliso yentengiso.
Ukugcinwa
Kungcono ukupholisa, uthuthe uze uthengise umbona oswiti kwamsinya emva kokuvunwa. Amaqondo okupholisa alungileyo abaphakathi kwe 0°C ukuya kwi 2°C kuma 95%+ obushushu (RH). Ukuba ugcinwe kweliqondo nokufuma, umbona oswiti ungagcinwa kangange ntsuku ezisi 7 ukuya kwezi 10 ngaphandle kokonakala okanye kokwehla komgangatho. Emva koko uphulukana nencasa kunye neswekile kwaye xa ubekwe kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu aphulukana nomgangatho aze akhawuleze ukungatyeki.
Izonakalisi
Bollworm, Aphids, imibungu, Stalk Borers, Spider mite, imisundululu kunye ne leaf hoppers zezinye zezonakalisi ezixhaphakileyo.
Izifo
Ezona zifo zixhaphakileyo ezifuna ukugadwa zezi: Leaf Blight, Streak virus, Rust, Ear Stalk rot, kwakunye ne Grey Leaf Spot. Ukuze ulawule izonakalisi ngendlela eyiyo kubalulekile ukugada isityalo sakho rhoqo uze ufumane nengcebiso zengcali kwi extension officer yakho okanye kumcebisi wakho wokhuseleko lwe zityalo ngokusetyenziwa kwekhemikhali.
Translated by
Zizipho Silwana
