Ukuphathwa Kwesitshalo sommbila Omnandi

© Eric Miller
Mielie garden in Schmitsdrift, Northern Cape. Subsistence farming watering the plants

Ukushintshanisa izitshalo

Ukutshala ukujikeleza kuhlale kuwumkhuba omuhle okumele ulandele njengoba lokhu kunqanda ukwakha izilokazane ezikhathazayo ezithile. Ezinye izitshalo zokushintshanisa ummbila omnandi nazo ziyizimboni: ubhontshisi, amazambane, imifino eluhlaza, ukolweni kanye neluseni.
Isivuno (amathani ngehektha ngalinye)
Isilinganiso esiphansi: amathani ayi-10
Isilinganiso esangaphakathi: amathani angu-15
Kuhle: amathani angu-25+

Ukuvuna

©Louise Brodie
Commercial farm irrigation of a maize field
Ukuvuna kommbila omnandi kwenziwa lapho ama-cobs esanda kuzalwa ngoba amaningi athengiswa ngokusetshenziswa okusha. Lokhu kuphakathi kwamasonto ayisishiyagalolunye nesishiyagalolunye kusukela ekutshalweni kuye ngokukhethwa kokulima kanye nezimo zezulu ngesikhathi sokukhula, njengoba isimo sezulu esibucayi sinciphisa ukukhula nokwandisa inkathi yokukhula. Ukuvuna kufanele kwenziwe lapho umongo unomsola omuncu futhi lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi isiteji esibucayi.
Hlola ngezandla usebenzisa umunwe wakho ukuze uphule umongo ukuze uhlole ukuvumelana kwejusi futhi uma kusacacile ukuthi umongo awulungele. Imfucumfucu engaphezulu kwesitshalo sembewu izobe iphenduke insundu. Ukuvuna kwenziwa ngesandla ngezitshalo ezincane nangomshini emikhakheni emikhulu yokukhiqiza ezohwebo.

Ukugcina

Kungcono ukupholisa, ukuthutha nokuthengisa ummbila omnandi ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka emva kokuvuna. Ukushisa kungcono kakhulu ku-0°C kuya ku-2°C ku-95%+ umswakama (RH). Uma igcinwe kulezinga lokushisa ne-RH, ummbila omnandi ungagcinwa izinsuku ezingu-7 kuya kwezingu-10 ngaphandle kokulahleka okukhulu kwekhwalithi. Ngemva kwalokho ulahlekelwa ukunambitheka noshukela futhi uma ubekwe endaweni yokushisa ekhululekile ulahlekelwa ikhwalithi ngokushesha.

Izilokazane ezikhathazayo

Ama-Ballworm, ama-Aphid, ama-Nematodes, ama-Stalk Borers, ama-Spider mite, ama-Cutworms nama-leaf hoppers ezinye zezinambuzane ezivamile.

Izifo

Okuvamile kakhulu yi-Leaf Blight, igciwane lesisindo, i-Rust, Indlebe ne-Siqu esibolayo, neGrey Leaf Spot.
Ukuze uthole ukulawula okuhle kokubulala izinambuzane kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqhubeka nokuqapha isitshalo sakho futhi uthole iseluleko sobuchwepheshe esivela kulesi sikhulu sesikhulumi kanye nomeluleki wezokuvikela amakhemikhali.

Translated by Nsika Khoza
 Buyisela Emuva