Hisetori
Tlholego ya meretologa e ka latediswa goya ka metlhala ele mebedi; moretologa wa setlwaedi wa Yuropa, o o tlholegileng gaufi le lewatle le le Ntsho le la Caspian, ga mmogo le moretologa wa Japane, o o tlholegileng kwa China. Meretologa ya Japane gantsi e mehibidu, e megolwane le go nna matute go meretologa ya Yuropa, e ka bogolo eleng phepole kgotsa mmalanyana wa loapi, mme gape e tala kgotsa serolwana ka mmala. Meretologa ya Yuropa e sebôpegô sa lee, fa meretologa ya Japane ele kgolokwe ka matlase a a ntlhana.
Go batho ba China, meretologa e supa bolesego mme kinane ke gore moitsedikwalo wa bogologolo wa China, Lao Tze, o belegetswe ka fa tlase ga setlhare sa moretologa. Mo bukeng ya padi ya China ya hisetori, Legends of Three Kingdoms, mongwe wa batlhabani ba ba tumileng, Cao Cao, o tlhotlholetsa masole a gagwe gotswa mo kotsing, ka go ba bolelela fa go na le setlhare sa meretologa e e matute se se ba letileng kwa pele.
Tlhagiso ya Afrika Borwa
Meretologa e gorositswe mo Afrika Borwa ke Jan van Riebeeck, molaodi wa bokoloniale wa mo-Dutch, yo a umakileng leungo leno mo bukaneng-tshelo ya gagwe ka 11 Diphalane 1656.
Harry Pickstone, yo a kaiwang fa ele rraago bodirelo jwa maungo jwa Afrika Borwa, o lerile mefuta ele mmalwa ya Japane gotswa kwa California ka bo-1896, mme ka 1907 mofuta wa ntlha o o tlholegileng mo Afrika Borwa o ne wa bonwa kwa KwaZulu-Natal.
Mefuta e e gorositsweng mo nageng ga e a dira bontle ka fa tlase ga maemô a tlhagiso a Afrika Borwa, mme seno sa isa kwa manaaneng a semmuso a patlisiso le popô, a ka bogolo a neng a kgweetswa ke Agricultural Research Centre (ARC) mme segolo thata, Infruitec Nietvoorbi. Mo dingwageng tse di neng tsa latela, ARC e tlhamile dilekanyetso-boleng tsa tlhagiso le mefuta e mentšhwa, mengwe ya yona e santse e na le letlhôkô le le kwa godimo gompieno, e e tshwanelang botoka maemô a bosa le a tlhagiso a Afrika Borwa.
Dikgaolo-Tlhagiso
Meretologa e tlhoka dithemphoritšhara tse di kwa tlase ka mariga gore e tsene mo paka-ikhutsong e e bakang gore thunyô le kgolô tse di gaisang di direge. Di tlhagiswa go ralala Afrika Borwa, fela ka bogolo kwa Kapa Bophirima kwa maemô a bosa a siametseng tlhagiso ya moretologa ka go gaisa. Klein Karoo e na le kgaolo e kgolo go gaisa ya tlhagiso, e selwe morago ke Paarl, Wolseley, Tulbagh, Stellenbosch, Franschhoek, Ceres, Langkloof, Villiersdorp le Vyeboom.
Meretologa e ka mela mo mefuteng ya mmu e e farologaneng, fela e rata mebu e e boteng e e tswang metsi sentle, e e farologanang gotswa go ya serokwa se se motlhaba goya go ya mmopa o o motlhaba, jaaka go bonwa mo bukaneng-kaedi ya Lefapha la Temôthuo ya Plum Production Guide. Mofuta ono wa leungo o itshokela thata mebu e e tamileng metsi go feta maungo a thapo a mangwe, ntle fela le di-nematode tsa lefuto la modi. Meretologa e tshaba thata di-nematode tse di bakang malwetse. Maemô a a pula kgotsa a a diphefo ka motsi wa thunyô a tlile go nna le ditlamorago tse di maswe go tulafatso mme go ise kwa go enyeng go go bokoa ga leungo.
Mefuta
Mefuta ele mentsi ya dijadi tsa moretologa e tlhagiswa mo Afrika Borwa. Tlhopho ya sejadi gantsi e ikaega ka maemô a tlhagiso, jaaka tlhokegô ya paka-ikhutso ya sejadi, twantsho ya bolwetse le ditlhokegô tsa mmaraka o o totilweng. Key Deciduous Fruit Statistics ya Hortgro e senotse fa Angeleno ele sejadi se se jadilwe ka bontsi go gaisa ka 2018, ka go tshola mo go ka nnang 10% ya kgaolo e e ka fa tlase ga tlhagiso.
Laetitia e ne e tshotse 9% ya kgaolo e e ka fa tlase ga tlhagiso, fa Songold, African Delight le Fortune di ne di tshotse 6% nngwe le nngwe mme Sapphire ele 5%. Pioneer, Flavor Fall, African Pride kgotsa Sunkiss le African Rose di ne di tshotse 3%, fa Southern Belle, Purple Majesty, September Yummy, Sun Supreme le Larry Anne di ne di tshotse 2% nngwe le nngwe ka bonosi.
Gotswa mo dipalopalong, go itshupile gore gantsi balemi ba jala Ruby Sun, Angeleno le Ruby Start fa ba simolola masimo a mantšhwa.
Setlha
Go ikaegile ka maemô a bosa, kgaolo ya tlhagiso le sejadi, meretologa e tlhagiswa go tloga ka beke ya bobedi ya Ngwanatsele go fitlha kwa bokhutlong jwa Ferikgong mo Afrika Borwa.
Dithekiso
Meretologa ya Afrika Borwa ke ya boleng jo bo tswileng diatla, mme e bona ditlhwatlhwa tse di ntle mo mmarakeng wa boditšhabatšhaba, se se thusa go nonotsha ekonomi ya selegae le go tsweletsa ditiro kwa dikgaolong tsa metsemagae.
Mo go ka nnang 74% ya meretologa ya Afrika Borwa go romelwa ntle ngwaga mongwe le mongwe, mme Yuropa e tshwara go feta halofo fa United Kingdom e tshwara mo go ka nnang kotara ya dithekiso tseno. Dielô tse di kgolo di romelwa gape kwa Botlhaba-Gare, Russia, Botlhaba jo bo Kgakala le Asia. Ke fela mo go ka fetang 20% ya meretologa mo go rekiswang fa gae mme 3% e a phetolwa.
Ditiriso
Meretologa ke motswedi o o manontlhotlho wa di-vitamin, diminerale le fibre. Dipatlisiso di begile gape fa leungo leno la thapo le na le dielô tsa di-antioxidant tse di tshwanang le tsa blueberry mme ka jalo le tshwanelwa ke go amogelwa jaaka leungo le le maatlamêtlô.
Meretologa gantsi e itumelelwa ele foreshe le mo disalateng, fela gape e ka phetolwa. Sauce tsa moretologa gape ke mmamoratwa kwa bathong ba China, mme e diriswa mo dijong tse di farologaneng.
Translated by Nchema Rapoo