Umlando
Imvelaphi yamapremu umkhondwayo ungalandelelwa entweni ezimbili; ipremu le-Europe, Middle East, Russia, the Far East and Asia. Middle East, Russia, the Far East kanye ne-Asia. Elivela magega ne-Black kanye ne-Caspian sea, kanye neprenu le-Japan, elivela e-China.Amapremu we-Japan abomvu, makhulu, anomhluzi omnengi kunakamadniswa namapremu we-Europe, anombala ophephulu nanyana ohlaza kwesibhakabhaka, kanye nombala ohlaza nosarulana. Amapremu we-Europe abumbeke inga liqanda, lokha amapremu we-Japan arondo aqondile ngaphasi.
Ebantwini be-China, amapremu aliphawu letjhudu begodu iinkakaramba zithi i-philosopher yama-China yakade, u-Lao Tze, wabelethelwa ngaphasi komuthi wamapremu. Emanoveli womlandu wama-China ebizwa bona yi-Legends of Three Kingdoms, elinye lamajoni, u-Cao Cao, warabhela majoni wakhe kobana asuke engezoni, ngokuwatjela kobana kunomuthi onamatremu emnandi anomhluzi, obalindileko nabakhamba baqonde bayephambili.
Umkhiqizo weSewula Africa
Amapremu athulwa eSewula Africa ngu-Jan van Riebeeck ogade angumabhalane wama-Dutch, owatlola ngawo edayarini yakhe ngezi-zaka Oktoba ngonyaka ka-1656.
U-Harry Pickstone, ekudlunjanwa kobana ungubaba wamabubulo wenthelo weSewula Africa, wathumela ngenarheni le imihlobo embalwa ye-Japan, ivela ngenarheni ye-Carlifonia ngeminyaka yabo-896, Kwathi ngeminyaka yabo-1907 umhlowo wokuthoma wendabuko weSewula Africa watholwa esifundeni saKwaZulu-Natal.
Umhlobo othunyelwe ngenarheni le khange ube muhle ngaphasi kobujamo bemikhiqizo yeSewula Africa, ekwarholela ekobaneni kwenziwe irhubhululo kanye namaprogramu wokuwathuthukisa, ekhabe enziwa yihlangano ye-Agricultural Research Centre (ARC) khulukhu ihlangano ye-InfruitecNietvoorbi. Eminyakeni le, i-ARC sele ithome imikhiqizo yemihlobo emitjha, eminye yayo isafunwa khulu nanamhlanje, kodwana afaneleka kobana angatjalwa etlayimedini yeSewula Africa kanye nebujameni bakhona.
Iimfunda Ezikhiqizako
Amapremu atlhoga amazinga aphasi ebusika, ukobana aphumule ukuze arhone ukuthuthumba nokobana akhule. Amila eSewula Africa le yoke, kodwana esifundeni se-Western Cape lapho kulapho ubujamo betlayimedi bufanela wona khulu. Indawo i-Klein Karoo inenarha ekulu khulu lapha akhiqizwa khona, ilandelwe yi-Paarl, Wolseley, Tulbagh, Stellenbosch, Franschhoek, Ceres, Langkloof, Villiersdorpand kanye ne-Vyeboom.
Amapremu angakhula emihlobohlobeni yehlabathi kodwana athanda, ihlabathi etjhingelako nekhipha kuhle amanzi ukusuka ehlabathini elidaka ukuya kweyisanda njengobana kubonwa ebhugwini yomnyango wesolimo yokukhiqiza amapremu. Umhlobo lo westhelo uthanda ihlabathi ezele amanzi kuneminye imihlobo yentjalo ezima-stone fruit. Amapremu azwela khulu kuma-pathogenic nematodes. Ubujamo bezulu lapha lina khona khulu izulu nanyana lapha kunomoya khona lokha nakathuthumbako buzoba nomthelela omumbi ku-pollination yawo begodu kuzokwenza bona imithi yawo ingakhiqizi iinthelo ezihle.
Imihlobo Yawo
Imihlobo eminengi yamapremu ikhiqizwa eSewula Africa. Umhlobo wentjalo uya ngokobana ubujamo bomkhiqizo bunjani, obufana ngokobana umhlobo westjalo sepremelo ufuna kobana sibekwe ngaphasi kwamazinga angangani esiqandisini, ukobana sirhona kangangani kujamelana namalwelwe kanye nentlhogeko zemaraga. Iimbalobalo ezenziwe yi-The Hortgro’s Key Deciduous fruit stastistics ziveze kobana umhlobo wepremu i-Angeleno gade kungotjalwe khulu ngonyaka ka-2018, kutjalwe okungasenani inarha eyi-10% lapha akhiqizwa khona.
Umhlobo we-Laetitia gade utjalwe enarheni eyi-9%, lokha i-Songold, Africa Delight kanye ne-Fortune ngayinye zitjalwe enarheni eyi-6% i-sapphire enarheni eyi-5%. Pioneer, Flavor King, Flavor Fall, African Pride or Sunkiss kanye ne-African Rose zitjalwe enarheni eyi-3%, i-Southern Belle, Purple Majesty, September Yummy, Sun Supreme kanye ne-Larry Anneeach zitjalwe enarheni eyi- 2%.
Ukusuka embalobalwenezi, kuyabonakala kobana Abafuyi batjala i-Ruby Sun, Angeleno kanye ne-Ruby Start lokha nabathoma iteni etja.
Isikhathi Sokutjala
Okuya ngokobana ubujamo bezulu bunjani, indawo yokukhiqiza umkhiqizo wamapremu kanye nemihlobo yawo, amapremu angakhiqizwa ukusukela evekeni yesibili kaNOVEMBA kuze kufike ekugcineni kwakaMhlolanja eSewula Africa.
Ukuthengiswa Kwawo
ISewula Africa ikhiqiza amapremu wekhwalithi ephuma phambili, begodu ithola inani elihle eemarageni zenarha zangaphandle, ekuyirhelebha ukwenza ngcono umnotho wenarha le, kudale namathuba wemisebenzi endaweni ezisemakhaya.
Okungasenani i-74% yamapremu wenarha we-Sewula Africa athunyelwa eenarheni zangaphandle qobe nyaka, i-Europe ithola inani elidlula incenye yawo, kuthi i-United Kingdom ithole ikota yemikhiqizo le. Imithamo emikhulu yawo ithunyelwa enarheni ye-Middle East, Russia, Far East kanye ne-Asia. Umkhiqizo odlula i-20% wamapremu uthengiswa ngenarheni le, kuthi i-3% kwenziwe ngayo ezinye izinto.
Ukusetjenziswa Kwawo
Amapremu mthomo okhamba phambili wamavithamini, amaminerali kanye nemithiya. Irhubhululo sele sibike koba iinthelo eziwela ngaphasi kwama-stone fruit zinamaleveli wama-antioxidant alingana nalawo atholakala kuma-blueberry begodu kutlhogeka kobana abonwe njengenthelo ezikhamba phambili.
Amapremu amnandi nakadliwa emasaladini, kodwana angalungiswa kwenziwe ezinye izinto ngawo. Ama-sauce wamapremu athandwa khulu e-China, begodu asetjenziselwa ukwenza ukudla okwahlukahlukeneko.
Translated by Busisiwe Prudance Skhosana