Tšweletšo ya Poreima

South Africa is internationally known for the high quality of its plums.

Histori

Setlogo sa diporeima se ka bonwa gabedi poreima ya go tlwaelega ya Yuropa, yeo e hlolegilego go Bathobaso le lewatle la caspian, le poreima ya Sejapane, yeo e hlolegilego kua China. Diporeima tša Sejapane gantši ke tše khubedu, ke tše kgolo ebile di na le todi go feta diporeima tša Yuropa, tšeo di nago le mmala wo moperese goba tala, gape le botala goba mmala wa serolane. Diporeima tša Yuropa di na le sebopego sa nkgokolo, mola diporeima tša Sejapane tšona di na le sebopego sa nkgokolo le botlase bjo šupago.

Go batho ba China, diporeima di šupa mahlatse gomme nonwanele e re rafilosofi wa kgale wa MaChina, Lao Tze, o belegilwe ka fase ga mohlare wa poreima. Ka gare ga nonwane ya histori ya MaChina, Legends of Three Kingdoms, mohlabani yo monngwe wa go tuma kudu, Cao Cao, o gapeleditše mašole a gagwe go tšwa kotsing, ka go ba botša gore go na le mohlare wa todi wa diporeima woo o ba emetšego ka pele ga bona.

Tšweletšo ya Afrika Borwa

South African plums on the vine in a harvest field.

Diporeima di tsebišitšwe mo Afrika Borwa ke Jan Van Riebeeck, molaodi wa bokoloniale bja Dutch, yoo a ngwetšego ka ga seenywa ka gare ga pukutšatši ya gagwe ka la 11 Oktoboro 1656. 

Harry Pickstone, yo a bonwago bjalo ka Tate wa intateri ya dienywa tša Afrika Borwa, o rekile mehuta Sejapane ye mmelwa tšwa dinageng tša ka ntle go tšwa go swana le California ka 1896, le nakong ya 1907 mohuta wa mathomo wa tlhago wa Afrika Borwa e ile ya utolla kua KwaZulu-Natal.

Mehuta ya go tšwa dinageng tša ka ntle ga se ya dira gabotse mo tšweletšong ya Afrika yeo e ilego ya feleditšego ka go dinyakišišo le tlhabollo ya mananeo a, kudu yeo e ilego ya hlohloletša ke Temo ya Senthara ya Dinyakišišo (ARC) le kudukudu, Infruitec Nietvoorbi. Mo mengwageng, ARC e hlomile maemo a tšweletšo le mehutahuta ye mefsa yeo a sa nago le maemo a godimo le lehono, yeo e loketšego climate ya tšweletšo ya Afrika Borwa.

Dilete tša Tšweletšo

New plantations of ruby sun plum trees near Robertson.

Diporeima di nyaka dithemperetšha tša ka fase ka nako ya marega go fihla ka nako ya go khutša le ka nako ya go mela. Di tšweletšwa mo Afrika Borwa ka bophara, eupša kudukudu kua Kapa Bodikela ka fao mabaka a klimate a le a makaone kudu ebile a loketše tšweletšo. Klein Karoo e na le lefelo le legolo la tšweletšo, e be go latela Paarl, Wolseley, Tulbagh, Stellenbosch, Franschhoek, Ceres, langkloof, villiersdorp le Vyeboom.

Diporeima di kgona go gola mo mabung a mehutahuta eupša di rata mebu ya iša fase, yeo e omišitšwego gabotse, go tloga go wa sehlaba, seloko le letsopa wa sehlaba, bjale k age e bonwa ke Kgoro ya Temo - Plum Production Guide. Mohuta wow a seenywa o kgona go kgotlelela meetsi a mantis go feta dikenywa tša maswika tše dingwe; ka ntle le mahuto a medu bitšwago nematodes. Diporeima di huetša pathogenic nematodes. Pula goba phefo e fokago nakong ya go khukhuša di ka ba le khuetšo ye mpe go dikenywa e be di lebiša go dienywa tša go fokola.

Mohuta

Mohuta wo mogolo wa dikhalthiba tša diporeima di tšweleditšwego ka mo Afrika Borwa. Kgetho ya khalthiba e ya ka mabaka a tšweletšo, go swana le dinyakwa tša maemo a go tonywa a khalthiba, malwetši, le dinyakwa tša mmaraka wo o lebeletšwego. Dipalopalo tša dikenywa tša Hortgro’s Key di utollotše gore Angeleno e be e le khalthiba ye e bjetšwego kudu ka 2018, ka palo e ka bago a 10% ya lefelong la tšweletšo.

Pioneer, Flavor King, Flavor Fall, African Pride or Sunkiss and African Rose accounted for 3%, whereas Southern Belle, Purple Majesty, September Yummy, Sun Supreme and Larry Anne each accounted for 2%. 

Laetitia e rwele 9% ya lefelon la tšweletšo, mola Songold, Afrika Delight le Fortune di rwele 6% gomme Sapphire yona 5%. Pioneer, Flavor King, Flavor Fall, African Pride goba Sunkiss and African Rose accounted ke 3%, mola Southern Belle, Purple Majesty, September Yummy, Sun Supreme and Larry Anne tšona di le 2%.

Go tšwa go dipalopalo, go a laetša gore balemi ba bjala kudu Ruby Sun, aAngeleno, gomme Ruby e thoma ge go hlomiwa dirapa tše mpsha.

Sehla

Blossoms of African Delight, which produces red skin yellow fleshed plums.

Go ya ka mabaka a klimate, lefelo la tšweletšo le khalthiba, diporeima di tšweletšwago mo bekeng ya bobedi ya Nofemere go fihla mafelelong a Feberware ka mo Afrika Borwa.

Dithekišo

Most of South Africa's plums are exported.

Diporeima tša Afrika Borwa di na le boleng bja godimo, di hwetša ditheko tše botse kua boditšhabatšhaba, gomme se se thuša ekonomi ya tikologo le go tšwetša pmešomo ka dinagamagaeng. 

Palo e ka bago 74% ya diporeima tša Afrika Borwa di a romelwa ka ngwaga o mongwe le o mongwe, Yuropa e hwetša seripagare go feta United Kingdom ya mabapi le kotara ya dithekišo. Bogolo bja romelwa bo išwa go Middle East, Russia, thokong ya Bohlabela le Ešia. 20% ya diporeima di rekišwa ka nageng gomme 3% e a sepedišwa.

Tšhomišo

Diporeima di na le mothopo wo mobotse wa dibithamini, diminerale le tlhale. Dinyakišišo di boletše gore seenywa sa leswika se na le maemo a go swana a antioxidants le blueberries se swanetše, go tšewa lemogwa ka seenywa sa godimo. 

Diporeima di ka lewa di hlwekile le ka gare ga disalate, eupša gape di ka phethwa. Sopo ya poreima e tumile go MaChina, e šomišwa go dijo tš bona tša mehutahuta.

Translated by Lebogang Sewela