Umlandvo
Imvelaphi yema plum ingafunwa ngasemilayinini lemibili; li plum lelatiwako eEurope, lelavela ngase lwandle le Black nase Caspian, bese lamaplum emaJapan, lavela eChina. Ema plum emaJapan abovu, makhudlwana futsi anejusi kunalawo emaplum ase Europe, lalukhwebeletana noma laluhlata sasibhakabhaka, futsi anelibala leliluhlata noma lelimtfubi. Lama plum ase Europe amise kwendingilizi, lelapho emaplum ase Japan ayindingilizi kanye nemcijo ngasentasi.
Kuma China, emaplum amelele inhlanhla lenhle kantsi nelichawe linako kutsi emaChina andvulo, lao Tze, watalwa ngaphansi kwesihlahla semaplum. Kuncwadzi yemlandvo wema China, Emachawe Etigodzi Letintsatfu, munye walamachawe, Cao Cao, ugcizelela emasotja ache kutsi aphume engotini, ngekutsi awatjele kutsi kukhona sihlahla lesinemaplum lanejusi labamele phambili.
Umkhicito wase Ningizimu Afrika
Ema plum etfulwa eNingizimu Afrika ngu Jan van Riebeeck, lobekasebenta emakholonisi ema Dutch, lowenta satiso kulesitselo encwadzini yakhe natilishumi nakunye enyangeni yeMphala ngemmnyaka wa 1656.
Harry Pickstone, lowatsatsa lobabe wase Ningizimu Afrika litiko le lesitselo, wangenisa tinhlobo letiningi tase Japan kusuka eCalifornia ngakumnyaka wa 1896, kwatsi ngesikhatsi semnyaka wa 1907 inhlobo yekucala yemvelaphi yase Ningizimu Afrika leyatfolwa eKwaZulu Natal.
Letinhlobo letibalulekile atizange tente kahle ngaphansi kwesimo semkhicito wase Ningizimu Afrika, lokwachubela elucwalinengi kanye nakuhlelo lolukhulako, lokuchutjwa Yindzawo Yelucwalingo Ngetekulima (Agricultural Research Centre – ARC) kantsi ngekuchaza, iInfruitec, iNietvoorbi. Ngekumba kweminyaka, le ARC yakhulisa tigaba tekukhicita kanye netinhlobo letinsha, letinye tato nalamuhla tisafunwa, letikahle tisendzaweni yesimo selitulu lase Ningizimu Afrika kanye netimo tekukhicita.
Tigodzi Tekukhicitela
Ema plum adzinga simo lesiphansi ngesikhatsi sasebusika kutsi aze akhone kuya esikatsi sekuphumula kwentela timbale kanye nehluma kutsi kwenteke. Wona, ecinisweni, akhicitwa eNingizimu Afrika yonkhana, kepha kancane eWestern Cape lapho khona simo selitulu sivumelana kakhulu nemkhicito wemaplum. Le Klein Karoo inendzawo lenkhulu ngaphansi kwemkhicito, ilandzelwe yi Paarl, iWolseley, iTulbagh, iStellenbosch, iFranschhoek, iCeres, iLangkloof, iVilliersdorp ne Vyeboom.
Ema plum angahluma etinhlobeni temhlabatsi kepha acolela loshonako, imihlabatsi ledvonseke kahle, lehambela kusuka kumhlabatsi losamantana lonekufutfumala kancane kuya kumhlabatsi loneludzakanyana lelibumba njengoba kubukiwe kuTiko lweTekulima lwenhlanganisela yeLuhla lwe Mkhicito wemaPlum. Lenhlobo yesitselo iyatsetselwa kumihlabatsi lekhunga emanti kunaletinye titselo letiningi tematje, nentfo yekufuna tigadla tetimphandze tema nematodes. Ema plum ayincelencele kuma nematodes. Timo letineliulu noma umoya ngesikhatsi setimbali titoba nesisindvo ngekuvundzisa phindze kutochubela ekuhleleni lokukabi kwesitselo.
Tinhlobo
Inhlobo lenkhulu yenhlanyelo yema plum ikhicitwa eNingizimu Afrika. Lesincumo senhlanyelo lencane sishiyana ngesimo semkhicito, kufana ne tidzingo letinekubandzabandza kwalenhlanyelo, asivumelani netifo,kantsi naletidzingo temakethe lefunwako. Lesitselo seMacembe laphumko Lesisikhiya se Hortgro Luhla luveta kutsi iAngeleno kwaba ngiyo yekucala inhlanyelo ngemnyaka wa 2018, lokubalela cishe ku 10% wendzawo lengaphansi kwemkhicito.
iLaetitia yabalelwa ku 9% walendzawo lengaphansi kwemkhicito, lekantsi iSongold, iAfrican Delight kanye ne Fortune ngakunye kwabalelwa ku 6% ne Sapphire yaba ku 5%. iPioneer, iFlavor King, uFlavor Fall, iAfrican Pride noma iSunkisss kanye ne African Rose kwabalelwa ku 3% lekantsi iSouthern Belle, iPurple Majesty, iSeptember Ymmy, iSun Supreme kanye ne Larry Anne ngakunye kwabalelwa ku 2%.
Kusuka ngeluhla, kuyabonakalisa kutsi balimi bahlanyela kancane iRuby Sun, iAngeleno, ne Ruby Start nabasungula tingadze letinsha tetitselo.
Sikhatsi
Kushiyana ngesimo selitulu, lendzawo yekukhicitela kanye nekulima, emaplum aphuma kusukela evikini lesibili lwenyanga yeLweti kuya ekupheleni kwenyanga yeNdlovu Lencane eNingizimu Afrika.
Kutsengiswa
Ema plum ase Ningizimu Afrika elizinga lelitsandvwako, atfola emanani lakahle kumakethe yangaphesheya, lokusita ekukhuliseni umnotfo wendzawo kanye nekumisa imisebenti etindzaweni tasemakhaya.
Lokungaba ngu 74% kwemaplum ase Ningizimu Afrika lahanjiswa njalo ngemnyaka, nekubalwa kwase Europe lokungetulu kwe hhafu kanye ne United Kingdom lengaba yikota yalentsengiso. Tisindvo letinkhulu tiphindze titfunyelwe eMiddle East, eRussia, eFar East nase Asia. Lokungaba ngetulu kwa 20% kwemaplum latsengiswa endzaweni na 3% lowentiwako.
Kusetjentiswa
Ema Plum yincenye lekahle yemavitamin, emamineral kanye ne fibre. Lucwalingo nalo lichaze kutsi litje lesitselo linetigaba letifanako letihlanganisiwe kumagungumence futsi kumele, ngaloko, abonwe njengesitselo lesikhulu.
Ema plum ngalokuncane atsandvwa asesemasha kantsi futsi nakusaladi, kepha angaphindze aphekwe. Tinongo temaplum titintsandvokati yakudzala yase China, leyasetjentiswa ekudleni lokutinhlobonhlobo.
Translated by Phindile Malotana