Imvelaphi
Imvelaphi ye plums umnombo wazo ungajongwa ukubuyela kwimigca emibini; i-European plum eqhelekileyo, eyasuka kwi kwimilambo Black ne Caspian, ze iJapanese plum, intsusa yayo ise China. I-Japanese plums ngesiqhelo zibomvu, zinkulu kwaye zinencindi kune European plums, zona ke zimfusa ngombala okanye ziphantse zibe blue, zibakhona eziluhlaza okanye tyheli ngombala. I-European plum zibubume bombhoxo, logama ezase Japan singqukuva nomphantsi otsolo.
Kubantu base China, iplums zinentsingiselo yentlahla kwaye kudume okokuba iChina lakudala elaliyi ngcaphephe uLao Tze, wazalelwa phantsi komthi. Kumabali wembali yase China ashicilelweyo, Legends of Three Kingdoms, omnye wamagorha awaye Dumile, u Cao Cao, wanyanzela amajoni wakhe okokuba asuke kwindawo eyayine ngozi ngokuthi abaxelele okokuba kukho umthi one plums ezinencindi emnandi ezibalindileyo ngaphambili.
Imveliso yase Mzantsi Afrika
I-Plums zaziswa eMzantsi Afrika ngu Jan van Rieebeck, (Dutch colonial administrator), owathi wabhala ngesisiqhamo kwincwadana yakhe ngomhla we 11 October 1656.
U-Harry Pickstone, owaziwa njengo tata wentengiso yeziqhamo kweli lo Mzantsi Afrika, wazisa kweli iintlobo zama Japan esuka nazo eCarlifonia ngeminyaka yama 1896, naphakathi kwiminyaka yama 1907, uhlobo lokuqala leli lo Mzantsi Afrika lafumaneka KwaZulu-Natal.
Intlobo ezifunyenwe kwamanye amazwe azizange zikhule kakuhle phantsi kwemeko zemveliso zeli lo Mzantsi Afrika, oko kwa khokhelela kwenziwe inkqubo yesifundo sophando nokuphuhlisa, ezaziqhutywa yi Agricultural Research Centre (ARC) ingakumbi, Infruitec Nietvoorbi. Kwiminyaka edlulileyo, i-ARC yaseka imimiselo yemveliso nentlobo ezintsha, ezinye zazo zisa thengwa kakhulu nakule mihla, ezo zilungileyo kweli lo Mzantsi Afrika kwisimo sezulu nemeko zemveliso.
Iingingqi ze Mveliso
I-Plum zidinga ubushushu obuse zantsi ngexesha lase busika ukuze ziphumle ukuze zivelise izityalo zikwazi nokukhula. Ziveliswa ku Mzantsi Afrika uphela, kodwa ngakumbi kwiphondo lase Ntshona Koloni apho isimo sezulu sizilungele kakhulu khona, indawo yase Klein Karoo inendawo enkulu yemveliso, kulandele iPaarl, Wolseley, Tulbagh, Stellenbosch, Franschoek, Ceres, Langkloof, Villiersdorp, ne Vyeboom.
I-Plum zinga khula kwintlobo ezohlukileyo zemihlaba, kodwa zithanda imihlaba enzulu, ekhamekileyo, enesanti ukuya kwimihlaba ebukuxinana njengoko kubonakala kwincwadi epheleleyo ye Department of Agriculture eyi Plum Production Guide. Eli hlobo lesiqhamo siyanyamezela imihlaba edame amanzi ukogqitha iziqhamo ezininzi ezinepete, ngaphandle kwe root-knot nematodes. I-Plums azidibani kwaphela ne pathogenic nematodes. Imeko zezulu ezinethayo okanye ezinomoya ngexesha lokukhula kwesityalo zichaphazela ungcoliseko lwezityalo kwaye oko kwenza umgangatho weziqhamo ongacacanga.
Iintlobo
Intlobo ezininzi zezilimo ze plum ziveliswa eMzantsi Afrika. Ukukhetha izilimo kuxhomekeka kakhulu kwimeko zemveliso, ezifana nokubandisa isilimo, ukunyamezela izifo, kunye nemfuno zabathengi. Inkcukacha manani zeziqhamo ngokwe Hortgro Key Deciduous Fruit zibonakalise i-Angeleno yiyo eyathi yatyalwa kakhulu ngonyaka ka 2018, ibala malunga no 10% wendawo enemveliso.
Uhlobo iLaetitia labanga u9% wendawo yemveliso, ngexesha yona iSongold, African Delight ne Fortune nganye yabala 6% ze Sapphire yona 5%. Pioneer, Flavor King, Flavor Fall, African Pride okanye Sunkiss ne African Rose zabala 3%, yona ke iSouthern Belle, Purple Majesty, September Yummy, Sun Supreme ne Larry Anne nganye zabala 2%.
Ngokwe nkcukacha mananani, kuyacaca okokuba amafama atyala kakhulu iRuby Sun, Angeleno, ne Ruby qala ngazo xa uqala igadi entsha.
Ixesha Lonyaka
Kuxhomekeka kwimeko zesimo sezulu, indawo yemveliso ne silimo, iplums ziveliswwa ukusuka kwiveki yesibini kwinyanga ka November ukuyokuma ekupheleni kuka February eMzantsi Afrika.
Intengiso Manani
I-Plums zelizwe lase Mzantsi Afrika zikumgangatho ophezulu, kwaye zithengwa ngamaxabiso amahle ngamanye amazwe, oku kunceda ukuphuhlisa ezezimali zelizwe kugcineke nemisebenzi kwindawo ezise maphandleni.
Malunga nama 74% we plums zeli lo Mzantsi Afrika zithengiselwa amazwe angaphandle rhoqo ngonyaka, Europe ithabatha ngapha kwengxenye, ze i-United Kingdom ithabatha isiqingatha kwezintengiso manani. Zininzi ezithunyelwa kwi Middle East, Russia, emantla mpuma nase Asia. Malunga nama 20% we plums zithengiswa kweli, 3% isetyenziswe kwezinye iimveliso.
Imisebenzi
I-Plums zinikeza vitamins, minerals ne fibre. Uphando lufumanise okokuba iziqhamo ezine pete zinamazinga aphantse alingana we antioxidants ukuya kwi blueberry, kwaye ngenxa yoko zibonwe njenge ziqhamo ezinikeza impilo ngoku mangalisayo.
I-Plums zityiwa kakhulu xa zivuthiwe nakwi saladi, kodwa zingasetyenziswa ukwenza ezinye iimveliso, isosi yazo iyathandwa kakhulu ngama China kwakude kudala, kwaye isetyenziswa kwintlobo zokutya ezohlukileyo.
Translated by Zikhona Plaatjie