Umlando
Imvelaphi yezinsimbi ingalandelelwa emigqeni emibili; iplamu ejwayelekile yaseYurophu, eyaqhamuka olwandle olumnyama kanye nolweCaspian, neplamu yaseJapan, eyayivela eChina. Ama-plums aseJapan ngokuvamile abomvu, makhudlwana futhi mancane kunezi-plums zase-Europe, okuyiwona ngokuyimbala onsomi noma aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi aluhlaza ngombala ophuzi noma ophuzi. Amapulangwe aseYurophu ahlelekile, kanti amapulangwe aseJapan ayindilinga nangaphansi.
KumaShayina, amaplamu afanekisela inzuzo enkulu kanye nenganekwane ukuthi isazi sefilosofi saseShayina sasendulo, uLao Tze, wazalwa ngaphansi kwesihlahla se-plum. Kwinoveli yomlando yaseChinese, i-Legends of Three Kingdoms, elinye lamaqhawe adumile, uCao Cao, uncenga amasosha akhe ukuba ashiye ingozi, ngokuwatshela ukuthi kukhona isihlahla esinamapulangwe anamajusi asalindele phambi kwawo.
Ukukhiqizwa KwaseNingizimu Afrika
U-Plum wethulwa kuleli laseNingizimu Afrika noJan van Riebeeck, umphathi wamakoloni waseDashi, owabhekisa izithelo ezidayweni lakhe ngomhla ziyi-11 ku-Okthoba 1656.
U-Harry Pickstone, obhekwa njengobaba womkhakha wezithelo waseNingizimu Afrika, ungenise izinhlobo eziningana zaseJapan ezivela eCalifornia cishe ngo-1896, kwathi ngonyaka we-1907 kwavela izinhlobo zokuqala zomdabu zaseNingizimu Afrika KwaZulu-Natali.
Izinhlobo ezingenisiwe azange zisebenze kahle ngaphansi kwezimo zokukhiqiza zaseNingizimu Afrika, okwaholela ezinhlelweni zokucwaninga nokuthuthuka okusemthethweni, ngokuyinhloko eziqhutshwa yisikhungo Sokulima Sezolimo (i-ARC) futhi ikakhulukazi, i-Infruitec Nietvoorbi. Eminyakeni edlule, i-ARC yathuthukisa amazinga okukhiqiza nezinhlobonhlobo ezintsha, ezinye ezisadingeka kakhulu namuhla, ezilungele kangcono izimo zezulu nezokukhiqiza zaseNingizimu Afrika.
Izifunda Zokukhiqiza
Amaplamu adinga amazinga okushisa aphansi ebusika ukuze angenele isikhathi sokuphumula ukuze izimbali zikhule kahle futhi zikhule. Empeleni, akhiqizwa kulo lonke elaseNingizimu Afrika, kodwa ikakhulukazi eWestern Cape lapho izimo zezulu zithandeka kakhulu ekukhiqizeni ipulamu. I-Klein Karoo inendawo enkulu kunazo zonke ezakhiwayo, ilandelwa yiPaarl, iWolseley, iTulbagh, iStellenbosch, uFranschhoek, iCeres, iLangkloof, iVilliersdorp neVyeboom.
Amapulamu angakhula ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zenhlabathi kepha athande inhlabathi ejulile, enamanzi amaningi, esukela ekubambeni kwesihlabathi kuya kolwelwesi olunesihlabathi njengoba kubukwa kuMhlahlandlela Wokukhiqiza wePlum Production owenziwe nguMnyango Wezolimo. Lolu hlobo lwezithelo lubekezelela kakhulu inhlabathi efakwe emanzini kunezinye izithelo eziningi zamatshe, ngaphandle kwezimpande eziyizimpande. Amapulangwe azwela kakhulu kuma-patode we-pathogenic. Izimo ezinemvula noma ezinomoya ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza ziba nomthelela omubi ekuvinjelweni kwemvelo futhi ziholele kusethi olubi lwezithelo.
Izinhlobo
Izinhlobo eziningi zamapulamu akhiqizwa eNingizimu Afrika. Ukuzikhethela kotshwa ngokuyinhloko kuncike ezimeni zokukhiqiza, njengokubanga kwesidingo sokhula, ukumelana nezifo, kanye nezidingo zemakethe ebekiwe. I-Hortgro's Key Deciduous Fruit Statistics ye-Hortgro iveze ukuthi i-Angeleno yiyona etshalwe kakhulu ngonyaka we-2018, ibalwa cishe yi-10% yendawo ekhiqizwayo.
AbakwaLaetitia babebiza u-9% wale ndawo eyakhiwayo, kanti uSongold, i-African Delight ne-Fortune ngamunye babebala u-6% kuthi iSapphire ibe ngu-5%. I-Pioneer, i-Flavor King, i-Flavor Fall, i-African Pride noma i-Sunkiss kanye ne-African Rose zibalwe ngama-3%, kanti i-Southern Belle, i-Purple Majesty, ngo-Septhemba Yummy, i-Sun Supreme kanye no-Larry Anne babalwa i-2%.
Kulezi zibalo, kusobala ukuthi abalimi ngokuyinhloko batshala iRuby Sun, i-Angeleno neRuby Start lapho kusungulwa izihlahla ezintsha.
Isikhathi
Ngokuya ngezimo zesimo sezulu, indawo ekhiqizwa kuyo kanye nopelepele, izinqwaba zikhiqizwa kusuka ngeviki lesibili likaNovemba kuze kube sekupheleni kukaFebhuwari eNingizimu Afrika.
Ukuthengisa
Amaplamu waseNingizimu Afrika asezingeni eliphakeme, athola amanani amahle emakethe yamazwe omhlaba, asiza ekufukuleni umnotho wasekhaya nasekuqiniseni imisebenzi ezindaweni zasemakhaya.
Cishe amaphesenti angama-74 amaplanethi aseNingizimu Afrika athunyelwa ngaphandle unyaka nonyaka, kanti i-Europe ibalwa ngaphezulu kwesigamu ne-United Kingdom cishe ingxenye yesine yalokhu kuthengiswa. Amavolumu amakhulu nawo athunyelwa eMiddle East, eRussia, e-Far East nase-Asia. Ngaphezulu kwe-20% yama-plums athengiswa endaweni futhi ama-3% ayacutshungulwa.
Imisebenzi
Amaplamu awumthombo omuhle kakhulu wamavithamini, amaminerali kanye ne-fiber. Ucwaningo luphinde lwasho ukuthi izithelo zamatshe zinamazinga afanayo ama-antioxidants kuma-blueberries ngakho-ke, kufanele aqashelwe njengesithelo esikhulu.
Amaplamu athokozelwa okusha nakusaladi, kepha nawo angacutshungulwa. Amapulangwe e-Plum ayintandokazi yakudala yamaShayina, asetshenziswa kuwo nakwezinye izitsha zawo.
Translated by Nsika Khoza