Kunakekelwa kwe Ngadze Yetitselo te Hananandza

© Mahdi Karimi
Umkhicito wekutsengiswa wemahananandza udzinga umsebenti wesandla kwentela kuciniseka ngesitselo lesikhulu lesinemphilo lesinelibala lelikahle. Emalungiselelo ekunakekelwa kwe hananandza kufaka kuncutsa, kuhlanyelwa engadzeni ngaphandle, kungahlanganiswa kwesitselo, kusivikela ekushisweni lilanga kanye nekugadza tilwanyana.

Kuncutfwa kwe Hananandza

Ema hananandza angahluma abe kumbe tihlahla leti-neluhlanga (emahlanga langaba matsatfu kuya kulasitfupha lakahle kakhulu) noma emahlanga lahamba ngalinye esihlahleni. Phatsa kahle kute ukale budze balesihlahla ku 2 kuya ku 2,5 m njengoba loku kumalula ngemsebenti wesandla. Uma ucala tihlahla letinsha te hananandza, balimi kumele betame kwenta loko lokungaba ngu 80% kwemsebenti wesandla kulendzawo yetihlahla talesitselo kumele kwenteke ngaphandle kwekusetjentiswa kwelilada, kucwayisa Jorrie Mulder, ngcongcoshe locwayisako we Nhlangano Yemkhicito we Hananandza yase Ningizimu Afrika – Pomegranate Producer’s Association of South Africa – POMASA.
Sihlahla seHananandza lenemahlanga-lamaningi sivame kuvutfwa ngekushesha futsi sivame nekuba nemagala etitselo letiningi kuhlanga-lunye kubese kubamalula kususa tinswati (lokusha lokuvelako lokutinswati) lapho kusuka khona loluhlanga. Lesihlahla lesinamahlanga-lamaningi kanye neluhlanga-lunye likhokha emanani lafanako esitselo.
Kuncutfwa kwalesihlahla setitselo kungafaka kakhulu kususwa kwekukhula lokuvelako, emagala lafile kanye netinswati.
Kuze utfole lokuma lokufunako kanye nekuphakama kwalesihlahla, kumele sincutfwe ngesikhatsi sasebusika. Kugcina lingekhatsi lalesihlahla livulekile (kwentela kucindzeteleka lokuhle kwelilanga kanye nekunciphisa bumantana ngekhatsi) kuncutsa ehlobo kuyecwayiswa.

Kuhlanyelwa Ngaphandle kwe Hananandza

©Marinda Louw
Kuhlanyela ngaphandle engadzeni tihlahla te hananandza kuyaphasiswa kwentela kusekela lamagala lakhokha sitselo lesisindzako. Njengoba lesitselo salesihlahla sivutfwa, sisindza lamagala aze ehlele phansi. Loku kutoveta lesitselo elangeni futsi kungenta kutsi sibenekushiswa lilanga. Kuma-lokungu V ngaleyondlela kutovikela lamagala, avule lelingekhatsi lalesihlahla lapho singatfola kahle lilanga futsi kungavumela kucindzeteleka kahle nasifutsiwe.
Letintfo letintsatfu tekuhlanyela ihananandza engadzeni ngaphandle ngunati:
Kuhlanyelwa ngaphandle engadzeni kunciphisa kulinyatwa ngumoya (kushikisha) kulesitselo.
Titselo letisesihlahleni lesisengadzeni ngaphandle eladini sivikelekile ngalamacembe.
Kuhlanyela ngaphandle kukhulisa lendzawo lengetulu kutsi ikhokhe titselo.

Kungasondzeliswa kwe Titselo

Timbali te hananandza ngelibala lelibovu lelihlukene katsatfu kusuka enyangeni yeNyoni kuya kuye Lweti, lokuchaza kutsi lesitselo sitovutfwa ngetigaba futsi sitodzinga kuvunwa emahlandla lamaningi. Kahlekahle, timbali tekucala tikhokha titselo letinkhulu (sikhatsi lesidze sekuhluma).
Titselo letiningi kulesihlahla kunika emandla kulelinani lesitselo kanjalo nalokukhokha kwalesitselo ngesikhatsi lesilandzelako. Kuvikela loku, kungasondzeliswa kwalesitselo cishe inyanga ngemuva kwekukhokha timbali kubalulekile.
Kubalulekile kukhweshisa titselo letihluma ngekuhlalelana – susa lesitselo lesincane. Kuhlalelana kwesitselo kwakha indzawo yetintfutfwane noma tilwanyana kanye nekukhula kwetifo. Phindze khokha titselo letilimele kanye nesitselo lesihluma egaleni lelitsambile.

Kushisakwelilanga kuma Hananandza

©Marinda Louw
Ema hananandza akhula kakhulu etindzaweni letifutfumele letinesimo seluhlobo lesihambela emkhatsini wa 32°C na 35°C. etihlahleni letincane letinemacembe lamancane, lenandlela yenta lilanga kutsi libange kushisa ekwakhiweni kwemabala lamakhulu lamnyama kulesikhumba sesitselo. Loku kwenta lesitselo kutsi singatsengeki futsi kungenta kutsi sifafabuke.
Kukalwa lokuningi kungentiwa kwentela kuvikela kushiswa lilanga:
Kunciphisa kunisela kanye nekuvundziswa.
Kufakwa kwe UV-kuvikela tintfo letisebentako.
Tikhwama temaplasitiki: Tintfo letikabi tifaka kushikishwa (lokubangwa ngekushikisha liphepha esikhunjeni), tilwanyana letikhona kucindzetela kulimata lesitselo kanye nekubita kwaso.
Umtfunti wenethi: Kukalwa kwetinnhlobo temanethi emitfunti eSigodzini sase Riebeeck kwanyalo kusentiwa (2019).
Sebentisa indlela yekukhweshisa noma kungasondzelisi.

Kuvikelwa kweSitjalo ku Hananandza

Kute lucwalingo lolungakanani lolwentiwe eNingizimu Afrika ngetilwanyana kanye netifo nge hananandza, kepha kwekufutsa kwetinhlanyelo letiningi letinsha sekubhalisiwe kutsi kungasetjentiswa ku hananandza emkhatsini wa 2014 na 2018. Le ‘lenye indlela yeku Khokhelwa kwe Nhlanyelo’ Yelitiko Lwetekulima lwase Western Cape lihlele timali taletinhlanyelo letibhalisiwe. Loku sekusite ekukhuliseni emahananandza laya kumave angaphandle, njengoba kusita ekuvuleni imakethe lensha kumahananandza ase Ningizimu Afrika.
Umuhlwa noma silwanyana lesingiso se hananandza yi false codling moth. Letinye tilwanyana noma umuhlwa ufaka ema aphids, imealy bug, scale, ifruit fly-imphungane yesitselo ne thrips. Ema Thrips abanga kulimala kwesikhumba lokuchubela ekusikekeni kanye nekutseleleka ekuguleni.
Sifo lesibaluleke kakhulu se hananandza yi botrytis (kubola kwesicholo), iAlternaria (inhlitiyo lemnyama), Phytophtera ne neligciwane lelibulala titjalo.
Kungabi kahle emtimbeni kufaka kugamuka ngekhatsi, kuchekeka kwesitselo, kulimanga ngelikhata nesitselo lesishintjako.
Ikakhulu, sitselo lesinenkinga silungiswa kulendzawo yetihlahla tetitselo, lokudzinga kulungisa lokuncane kutsi kwenteke kuloko lokuwile.
Kungaluki lokuningi kwema hananandza kuhlukana kwesitselo lesivutsiwe nekutsi kungalimata lokufika ku 50% kwalokuvuniwe. Kunisela ngalokujwayelekile kanye neluhlelo lwekuvundisa lolukahle lungakalela lokulimala.

Translated by Phindile Malotana