Ku Lawuriwa ka Xirhapa xati Pomegranates

Ku humelerisiwa ka kuxavisiwa ka ti pomegranates swilava ntirho wa nkarhi hinkwawo wa mavoko kutiyisisa leswaku ku huma muhandzu lowukulu lowu hanyeke nakuva na muhlovo wa kahle. Maendlelo ya vulawuri bya ti pomegranates ya katsa ku tsemetiwa, nseketeol wa trellising, kuhungutiwa ka mihandzu, nsirhelelo eka kuhisiwa hi dyambu na vulawuri bya switsotswana.

Ku Tsemetiwa kati Pomegranates

Nsinya wati pomegranates wunga kula tani hi xisinyani lexingana swirhabyani swotala (swirhabyani swinharhu kumbe ntsevu swikahle) kumbe nsinya lowungana tshindi rin’we. Teka vulawuri byaku pima ku leha ka nsinya kuva wuva eka 2 - 2,5 m tani hileswi swi olovaka kuva kutirhiwa hi mavoko. Loko ku sunguriwa swirhapa swintshwa swa ti pomegranate, van’wamapurasi vafanele vatiyisisa leswaku kwalomu ka 80% wa ntirho lowu endliwaka hi mavoko exirhapeni awulavi xitepisi, ku tsundzuxa Jorrie Mulder, mutivi wa swa vuthekiniki eka Pomegranate Producer’s Association of South Africa - POMASA.
Nsinya lowungana swirhabyani swotala swa pomegranate wutala ku hatlisa wu vupfisa mihandzu hiku hatlisa naswona wu humelerisa mihandzu yotala loko lowungana tshindi rin’we swi olovaka kususa swirhabyani swintshwa leswi hlukaka e hansi. Hivumbirhi eka misinya leyi yihumelerisa nhlayo yoringana ya mihandzu. Ku hungutiwa ka marhavi ya nsinya lowunga tswala mihandzu swinga endliwa ntsena eka swirhabyani leswinga pfuneki nchumu kufana na leswi swinga oma.
Ku fikelela xivumbeko lexi lavekaka xikan’we naku leha ka nsinya, wufanele ku hungutiwa hi xixika. Leswaku laha ndzeni ka wona kuta tshama ku pfulekile (leswaku kuta nghena kahle dyambu naku hunguteka ka kutsakama) ku hungutiwa hi ximumu swa hlohleteriwa.

Nseketelo wati Pomegranates

©Marinda Louw

Nseketelo wa trellising eka misinya yati pomegranate swahlohleteriwa swinene ku seketela marhavi lawa yangana mihandzu leyi tikaka. Loko mihandzu yi vupfa, yitikela rhavi. Leswi swita endla leswaku muhandzu wusala erivaleni wu hisiwa hi dyambu naswona wunga vaviseka swinene. Nseketelo wa xivumbeko xa V wa trellising wuta seketela marhavi, wupfula laha ndzeni ka nsinya leswaku kuta nghena kahle miseve ya dyambu naswona loko ku fafazeriwa naswona swita nghenelela kahle.
Swilo swinharhu swa kahle swaku tirhisiwa ka nseketelo wa trellising hi leswi:
Trellising yi hunguta nhlaselo wa moya eka mihandzu. Mihandzu leyinga eka nsinya lowungana nseketelo wa trellising mihandzu yakona ayi khuhlani loko ku ba moya.
Ayi tshwi ngopfu hi dyambu. Trellising yi pfumelela marhavi kuva yakula hindlela leyi matluka ya sirhelelaka mihandzu.
Trellising yi engetelela ndzhawu leyi kutswariwaka mihandzu kona.

Ku Hungutiwa ka Mihandzu

Mabilomu yati pomegranates yava hi swiphemu swinharhu kusuka hi nwheti ya September kuya eka November, leswivulaka leswaku kuvupfa ka mihandzu yita vupfisa sweswo naswona yita tshoveriwa hi minkarhi yohambana. Hi ntolovelo, mabilomu lawa ya hatlaka ya huma ya humesa mihandzu leyikulu (longer growing season).
Mihandzu yotala e nsinyeni yina xiave xo biha eka vukulu bya muhandzu leyi humaka eka nguva leyi landzelaka. Ku papalata leswi, ku hungutiwa ka mihandzu kwalomu ka nhweti endzhaku kaloko mabilomu yatava ya humile swina nkoka.

Swina nkoka swinene kuhunguta mihandzu leyi humaka hi swichocho – hunguta mihandzu leyi ntsongo. Swichocho swa mihandzu swi endla leswaku kuva na ndzhawu ya kahle yaku tumbela ka switsotswana xikan’we na mavabyi. Tlhela u hunguta mihandzu leyi vavisekeke xikan’we na mihandzu leyi kulaka eka marhavi lawa yanga tiyangiki.

Ku Hisiwa hi Dyambu kati Pomegranates

©Marinda Louw

Ti pomegranates tikula ngopfu eka tindzhawu ta ximumu leti kufumelaka kufika exikarhi ka 32℃ na 35℃. Eka minsinya leyintsongo leyingana matluka yantsongo, miseve ya dyambu yinga hisa swinene leswinga vangaka swicoticoti swantima eka mihandzu. Leswi swita endla leswaku mihandzu yinga xaviseki naswona swinga endla leswaku mihandzu yi pandzeka.
Kuna magoza yotala lawanga tekiwaka ku sivela kutshwa hi dyambu:
Ku tlakusiwa ka nchelelto naku nonisa misava.
Ku cheriwa ka leswi sirhelelaka UV- kumbe miseve ya dyambu.
Paper bags: Swita ndzhaku swa tona swikatsa ku khuhleka ka mihandzu (caused by paper rubbing on the skin), switsotswana swikota ku nghena endzeni ka mihandzu leyinga pandzeka naswona swa onha.
Ku endliwa ka ndzhuti hi net: Mindzavisiso yotala ya tinxaka to hambana hambana yati net e Riebeeck Valley yile ku endliweni sweswi hi (2019).
Ku tirhisiwa ka nseketelo wa trellis.

Nsirhelelo wa Swimilani swa ti Pomegranates

Akuna ndzavisiso wotala lowunga endliwa e Afrika Dzonga eka switsotswana xikan’we na mavabyi ya ti pomegranates, kambe kuna swofafazela swintshwa leswinga tsarisiwa kuva switirhisiwa eka ti pomegranates exikarhi ka 2014 na 2018. Va ‘Alternative Crops Fund’ vale ka Western Cape’s Department of Agriculture vavekile mali leyi tirhelaka ntsariso wa minongonoko leyi. Leswi swi pfunile ku engetelela ku xaviseriwa ka matiko yale handle mihandzu yati pomegranates,tani hileswi swinga tlhela swipfula timakete tintshwa ta Afrika Dzonga tati pomegranates.

Switsotswani swa ndhuma swati pomegranate swivuriwa ti false codling moth. Switsotswani swin’wana swikatsa ti aphids, mealy bug, scale, fruit fly nati thrips. Thrips ti endla leswaku nhlonge yivaviseka leswi vangaka ku pandzeka xikan’we na nhlaselo wa mavabyi.
Mavabyi ya nkoka yati pomegranates iti botrytis (crown rot), Alternaria (black heart), Phytophtera nati bacterial blight.
Ku onheka ka mihandzu loku ku katsa ku fayeleleka endzeni ka mihandzu, ku pandzeka ka mihandzu, kuvaviseka hikwalaho ko gwitsirisiwa xikan’we nakuka muhandzu wunga vumbekangi kahle.
Hi minkarhi yotala, mihandzu leyinga vumbekangiki kahle ya hlawuriwa exirhapeni, leswi lavaka ku endliwa eka ndzhawu yo hlawulela kona.
Ku onheka kukulu kati pomegranates ikuva ku hangalaka mihandzu leyi vupfeke naswona swinga onha kwalomu ka 50% wa ntshovelo. Kutshamela ku cheletiwa na nongonoko wakahle wo chela manyoro swinga hunguta ku onheka loku.

Translated by Ike Ngobeni