Ukuphathwa Kwezithelo zamaPomegranati

Cracking in pomegranates can be caused by overwatering, humidity, being overripe and boron deficiency.

Ukukhiqizwa kwezimakethe zamapomegranati kudinga abasebenzi abasebenza njalo ukuze baqinisekise izithelo ezinkulu ezinempilo zombala omuhle. Imikhuba yokuphatha yamapomegranati ihlanganisa ukusika izihlahla, ukugoqa, ukucwilisa izithelo, ukuvikelwa ekubhekaneni nokushiswa kwelanga nokuphathwa kwezinambuzane.

Ukusika Amapomegranati

Amapomegranati angakhula njengama-shrub (multi-stem shrubs) (iziqu ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha zingcono kakhulu) noma njengezihlahla zomuthi owodwa. Qaphela ukukhawulela ukuphakama kwesihlahla ube ngu-2 - 2,5 m njengoba lokhu kulula kumsebenzi wezandla. Lapho kusungulwa izithelo zemifino yamapomegranate, abalimi kufanele baqaphele ukuthi cishe abasebenzi abangama-80% labasebenzi bombhalo ensimini kufanele bakwenze ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwamaklayini, bacebisa uJorrie Mulder, umeluleki wezobuchwepheshe we-Association of Pomegranate Producer's South Africa - POMASA.
Izihlahla zegromegranate eziningi ezivame ukuvuthwa zivame ukuvuthwa ekuqaleni futhi zivame ukuba namagatsha athela izithelo ngesikhathi esisodwa sezithelo zemifino kulula ukukhipha ama-suckers (amahlumela amasha) ngaphansi kwesitshalo. Zombili izihlahla eziningi ezihlosiwe nezitshalo ziveza izithelo ezifanayo.

Ukudubula kwesihlahla se-fruiting kuzoba ikakhulukazi ekususweni kokukhula okweqile, amagatsha afile namashukela.
Ukufeza ukuma nokuphakama komuthi oyifunayo, kufanele kudayiswe ebusika. Ukugcina ingaphakathi lomuthi livulekile (ukungena kwelanga kangcono nokunciphisa umswakama) ukuhanjiswa kwehlobo kukwaziswa.

Ukuqothula Amahalananda

©Marinda Louw

Here V-shaped trellising supports the heavy branches of pomegranates while allowing sunlight to reach the inside of the trees to ripen fruit.

Ukunciphisa izihlahla zegromegranate kunconywa ukusekela amagatsha athela izithelo ezisindayo. Njengoba izithelo zivuthwa, lilinganisa amagatsha. Lokhu kuzokwethula izithelo elangeni futhi kungaholela ekushiseni kwelanga okukhulu. Uhlelo lwe-V-shape trellising luzosekela amagatsha, luvule ngaphakathi kwe-shrub kuze kube ngcono ukushisa kwelanga futhi luzovumela ukungena okungcono kwe-sprays.
Izinzuzo ezintathu ezengeziwe zamapomegranati ahambayo yizi:
Ukuqothula kunciphisa umonakalo womoya (ukushayela) ezithelo. Izithelo ezimithini ezihamba phambili zingenakuncipha ukuba zithinte ezinye izithelo ezinsukwini zemimoya.
Ukushisa kwelanga kancane. I-Trellising ivumela amagatsha ukuba akhule ngendlela izithelo ezivikelwe amaqabunga.
Ukuqothula kwandisa indawo yokuthela izithelo.

Ukunciphisa Izithelo

Imbali yamapomegranati ehlathini ezintathu kusukela ngoSepthemba kuya kuNovemba, okusho ukuthi izithelo ziyovuthwa ngezigaba futhi kuzodingeka zivunwe izikhathi eziningana. Ngokuvamile, izimbali zakuqala ziveza izithelo ezinkulu (isikhathi eside sakhula).
Izithelo ezinengi emithini zithinta kabi ngesayizi yezithelo kanye nomkhiqizo wezithelo zonyaka olandelayo. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, ukunciphisa izithelo cishe ngenyanga emva kwezimbali kuyasiza.

Kubalulekile futhi ukuba izithelo ezincane zikhule ezinhlangothini - zisuse izithelo ezincane. Izithelo zeqoqo zakha indawo enhle yokuba izinambuzane nezifo zikhule. Futhi izithelo ezonakele nezithelo ezikhulayo ngamagatsha abuthakathaka.

Ukushiswa iLanga

©Marinda Louw

Amapomegranati akhule ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezifudumalayo lapho izinga lokushisa ehlobo lilinganisa phakathi kuka-32℃ no-35℃. Emithini encane enezingqimba ezimbalwa, lokhu kukhanya kwelanga kungabangela ukushisa kwelanga njengamabala amakhulu amnyama esikhumbeni sesithelo. Lokhu kuzokwenza izithelo zingabonakali futhi zingaholela ekuqhekekeni kwezithelo.
Izindlela eziningana zingathathwa ukuvimbela ukushisa kwelanga:
Ukulungisa ukuchelela nokutshala.
Ukusebenza kwama-UV-protection agents.
Izikhwama zephepha: Ukungalungi kubandakanya ukushayela (okubangelwa ukubhoboza iphepha esikhumbeni), izinambuzane zisakwazi ukungena ukuze zilimaze izithelo nezindleko.
Ukuthungwa komthunzi: Ukuhlolwa kwemifino ehlukahlukene e-Riebeeck Valley okwamanje kwenziwa (2019).
Sebenzisa uhlelo lwe-trellis.

Ukuvikelwa Kwezitshalo zamaPomegranati

Akukho ucwaningo oluningi olwenziwe eNingizimu Afrika ngezinambuzane nezifo zamapomegranati, kodwa izitsha eziningana zezitshalo ezibhalwa yizolimo zibhalisiwe ukusetshenziswa kwamakhalome phakathi kuka-2014 no-2018. "IsiKhwama seNdawo eNgaphandle" sikaMnyango wezoLimo eNtshonalanga Koloni sabelwe izimali ezi izinhlelo zokubhalisa kwezitshalo. Lokhu kuye kwasiza ukwandisa ukuthengiswa kwamapomegranati, njengoba kwasiza ukuvula izimakethe ezintsha kumahalananda aseNingizimu Afrika.

Inkathazo eyinhloko yamapomegranati yi-moth yamakhodi angamanga. Ezinye izinambuzane zihlanganisa ama-aphid, i-mealy bug, isikali, izithelo ze-fly kanye ne-thrips. I-thrips ibangela ukulimala kwesikhumba okuholela ekuqhekekeni nasezikhungweni eziphezulu.
Izifo ezibaluleke kakhulu zamahalananda yi-botrytis (ukubola komqhele), i-Alternaria (inhliziyo emnyama), i-Phytophtera ne-blight blight.
Ukuphazamiseka ngokomzimba kufaka ukuwohloka kwangaphakathi, ukulimaza izithelo, ukulimala kokushisa kanye nezithelo ezikhubazekile.
Ngokuvamile, izithelo ezingenasici zihlelwa ensimini yezithelo, okudinga ukuhlunga okuncane kuphela okwenziwe ekwakhekeni kwepakethe.
Isifo esiyinhloko samapomegranati ukuhlukaniswa kwezithelo ezivuthiwe futhi kungalimaza ku-50% wokuvuna. Ukunisela njalo kanye nohlelo olufanele lomanyolo lunganciphisa umonakalo.

Translated by Nsika Khoza