Indzawo yekuLima eMabele

Tinhlavu temabele asehlobo tikhula emkhatsini wa 22 na 34 degrees Celsius, lelapho tinhlavu temabele asebusika tenta kancono emkhatsini wa 5 na 25 degrees Celsius, ngekusho kwe Production Guildeline for Wheat (Inchubo yeMkhicito we Tinhlavu temabele) ye Department of Agriculture, Forestry ne Fisheries (DAFF) – Litiko leTekulima, Emahlatsi ne Kudvweba. Lesimo selitulu kumele sibengulesipholile phindze sibemantana kwentela kuhlanyela, silandzelwe sikhatsi lesifutfumele lesomile kwentela kuvuna.

Tidzingo teMhlabatsi

©Glenneis Kriel

Tinhlavu temabele tidzinga manyolo lodvonseke-kahle wemhlabatsi lomantana kuya kulonematje lamancane lone pH ya 6 kuya ku 7.5, ngekusho kwe DAFF. Umkhicito utotsikameteka umangabe lomhlabatsi une esidi leningi, lekutobese kunika leminye imihlabatsi emanutrients langekho kuletitjalo.
Ngemkhicito wendzawoleyomile, lemihlabatsi kumele ibenesisindvo lesihle sekubamba emanti, njengetinhlobo temhlabatsi letinesigadla lesisindzako selibumba noma sigadla semugca lesivikela emanti lagciniwe kutsi angagijimi. Imihlabatsi ledvonseke-kahle ayilungeli umkhicito wendzawoleyomile, kepha kungale kulungele umkhicito longaphansi kwekuniselwa.

Kunisela

©Louise Brodie

Lenhlanyelo idzinga cishe 600 m wemanti kumnyaka munye, ngako yenta kuhlanyela ngekunakekela, lokufaka kuguculwa lokuncane kwencenye lemfisha yenhlanyelo kumkhicito wendzawoleyomile.
Ngemkhicito longaphansi kwekuniselwa, kufakwa kwemanti kumele kwehliswe ngesikhatsi sekuphuma kwetimbali, kukhule ngesikhali sekugcwalisa emakhasi phindze kumiswe ngesikhatsi sekuvuna.

Kukhokhwa Kwalokuncane

©Glenneis Kriel

Emabele aphuma etinhlavini. Kube kuyintfo lekahle kutsi kutsengwe tinhlavu letisemtsetfweni njalo ngemnyaka, kukhona balimi labambalwa labagcina tinhlavu kwentela kutihlanyela ngendlela yekonga imali. Lendlela yekubuyela emuva kungukutsi umkhicito losuka kuletitinhlavu ungahlukumeteke kabi umangabe letinhlavu tingakahlotjiswa kahle noma telashwe ngemakhemikhali ladzingekako etilwanyana, njengoba kumalungiselelo etinhlavu letisemtsetfweni.
Uma utsenga tinhlavu letisemtsetfweni, kukhona nendlela lelandzelwako umangabe kutobakhona lokukabi ngaletinhlavu, babebalimi bangatisola bona umasebentisa tinhlavu lebetigciniwe. Tinhlavu letingaphansi kwetitjalo letihlanganisiwe’ emalungelo angahle angangetetelwa, lagciniwe noma latsengiswe ngaphandle kwemvumo ledzingekako noma imvumo lechamuka kulabo labaphetse emalungelo.

Ungalima Nini

Tinhlavu kumele tihlanyelwe kulenhlanyelo lekhetsiwe bese nesikhatsi sekuvuna sayinye indzawo kanye nenhlobo, kunciphisa simo selitulu lesihambisana nekulahlekelwa lokubangwe somiso, kushisa, kubandza nelitulu.
Lusuku kwekulima lingahluka kusuka kusinye sikhatsi kuya kulesinye, ngenca yekuphatamisa emkhatsini wetindzawo letitsite, umhlabatsi kanye nesimo setitjalo. eSouthern Cape, lekuyindzawo leyehla imvula yasebusika, balimi bavame kulima ngemuva kwetimvula tekucala kusuka ekhatsini-wenyanga yaMabasa kuze kube yinyanga yaKholwane nasemkhatsini wenyanga yeNkhwenkhweti nasekupheleni kwenyanga yaKholwane etindzaweni temvula yasehlobo.
Simo selitulu lesihambelako siyadzingeka kwentela tigaba tetinhlobonhlobo temkhicito. Kuhluma, njengesibonelo, angeke kutsatse indzawo lengaphansi kwa -5 degrees phindze kuhlukameteke ngetimo telitulu letingetulu kwa 25 degrees Celsius. Lesimo selitulu sekuphuma, ngalelenye indlela, sisemkhatsini wa 10 na 25 degrees Celsius, ngekusho kwe Wheat Production Guide – Luhla lwe Mkhicito weMabele.

Indlela Yekulima

Tinhlavu kumele tihlanyelwe ngisho, kushona kanye nasemhlabatsini lomantana. Tinombolo tetinhlavu tingahluka kusuka ku 20 kg ngelihekitha kuya ku 25 kg ngelihekitha ngaphansi kwesimo sendzawoleyomile na 90 kg ngelihekitha kuya ku 120 kg ngelihekitha ngaphansi kwekuniselwa, ngekusho kwenchubo ye DAFF, ngenombolo yekulima lehluka etindzaweni letehlukahlukene phindze nangekuya kwebukhonna bebumantana kulomhlabatsi. Tinhlavu tingahlanyelwa ne noma titjalo letiguculwako kancane noma titjalo letifakwe emakhuba noma ematines.
Balimi bavama kusebentisa emalayini labanti ngesikhala ngaphansi kwendzawoleyomile kanye netikhala tendzawo lencama ngesikhatsi kulinywa emabele ngaphansi kwekunisela.

Translated by Phindile Malotana