Ukulima Ingqolowa

Ingqolowa yase hlotyeni ikhula kakuhle phakathi ko 22 no 34℃, logama ingqolowa yase busika ikhula kakuhle phakathi ko 5 no 25℃, ngokwe Production Guidelines for Wheat ye Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF). Isimo sezulu kungcono xa sipholile kodwa umhlaba ufumile ukuze kutyalwe, kulandela isimo sezulu ezishushu esomileyo xa kuzakuvunwa.

Imfuneko Zomhlaba

©Glenneis Kriel

Ingqolowa ifuna umhlaba ochumileyo onamanzi ahluzekileyo imihlaba enesanti kodwa emxinwa ene pH engu 6 ukuya ku 7.5, ngokwe DAFF. Imveliso izakuchaphazeleka kakubi xa umhlaba une asidi eninzi, ezakuthi yenze ezinye intutrients zomhlaba zingafumaneki kwizityalo.

Kwimveliso yemihlaba eyomileyo umhlaba kufuneka ukwazi kubamba amanzi, njenge ntlobo zemihlaba ezinomdongo osindayo ngaphezulu okanye okuthintela amanzi agciniweyo angabaleki aphume emhlabeni. Imihlaba ekhanyiweyo ayilungela ukulima imveliso yemihlaba eyomileyo, kodwa ingayilungela imveliso ephantsi konkcenkceshelo.

Ukunkcenkceshela

©Louise Brodie

Isivuno sidinga ama 600 mm yamanzi wemvula rhoqo ngonyaka, lilonke indlela zokulima ezilondolozwayo, eziquka ukukhofola kancinci izakukhulisa ukugcineka kucetyiswa zona ukugcina umfuma kwimveliso yemihlaba eyomileyo. Kwi mveliso ephantsi konkcenkceshelo, ukufaka amanzi kufuneka kwehliswe ngexesha lokudubula kwesityalo, lonyuswe ngexesha lokugcwalisa iqokobhe liyekiswe ngexesha lokuvuthwa.

Ukusasazwa

©Glenneis Kriel

Ingqolowa isasazwa kwimbewu. Nangona kungcono ukuthenga imbewu egunyazisiweyo rhoqo ngonyaka, akhona amafama ambalwa agcina imbewu ukuze ayityale ngendlela zokuzama ukuthoba iindleko. Eyona nto ibuyisela umva kukuba imveliso esuka kulembewu ingachaphazeleka kakhulu xa imbewu ingacocekanga kakuhle okanye inyangwe ngezibulali zenkumbi ezifanelekileyo, njengoko kusenziwa ngembewu egunyazisiweyo.

Xa uthenga imbewu egunyazisiweyo, ikhona indlela ekufanele ilandelwe xa kunothi kubekhona okunga hambi ngendlela nalo mbewu, logama amafama azakuzigxeka ngokwawo xa besebenzise imbewu egciniweyo. Imbewu ephantsi kwemiyalelo yabalimi bezityalo akufunekanga iphinda phindwe, igcinwe kwaye ithengiswe ngaphandle kwemvume efunekayo okanye ilayisenisi esuka kwabo banamalungelo.

Ungatyala Nini

Imbewu kufuneka ityalwe ngokwendlela yokutyala ecetyisiweyo kunye nexesha lokuvuna kwindawo yonke nakwintlobo ezahlukileyo, ukwehlisa ilahleko edityaniswa nesimo sezulu imbalela, ubushushu, ingqele okanye imvula. Olona suku lokutyala lungehluka ukusuka kwixesha lonyaka ukuya kwelinye, ngenxa yokudinbana komhlaba osingqongileyo, umhlaba kunye nemeko zezityalo.

Kwi Southern Cape, eyindawo enethayo ngexesha lasebusika amafama avame ukutyala emveni kwemvula zkuqala ukususela phakathi ku April ukuya ku July naphakathi ku May ukuya ekupheleni kuka July kwindawo ezinemvula yase hlotyeni. Ubushushu obahlukileyo buya funeka kwizigaba ezithile zemveliso. Ukuhluma umzekelo, akuzukwenzeka kwindawo engaphantsi ko 5℃ nokuchaphazeleka kakubi bubushushu obungapha ko 25℃. Obona bushushu ukuze intyatyambo ichume, kwelinye icala iphakathi ko 10 no 25℃ ngokwe Wheat Production Guide.

Indlela Yokutyala

Imbewu kufuneka ityalwe iphasalazwe, ezantsi nakumhlaba ofumileyo. Ubudeki bembewu kungohluka ukususela ku 20 kg/ha ukuya ku 25 kg/ha phantsi kwemeko zomhlaba owomileyo no 90 kg/ha ukuya ku 120 kg/ha phantsi konkcenkeshelo, ngokwe sikhokhelo se DAFF, nobudeki bezityalo bohluke kwizilimo ezahlukileyo nangokufuma emhlabeni. Imbewu ingatyalwa ingenazityalo okanye izityalo ezenziwe nge tines ne discs. Amafama ngesiqhelo aye asebenzise imiqolo edeki kwimihlaba eyomileyo ze ibemxinwa xa kulinywa ingqolowa phantsi konkcenkceshelo.

Translated by Zikhona Plaatjie