Ikoroyi yehlobo ikhula kuhle emazingeni womtjhiso ahlangana na 22 ne 34 degrees Celsius, bese kuthi ikoroyi yebusika ibeyihle emazingeni womtjhiso ahlangana no 5 kunye no 25 degrees Celsius, ngokuya nge-Production Guideline for Wheat ye-Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF). Itlayimethi kufanele iphole beyibemanzi ukwenzela ukutjala, kulandelwe sikhathi sonyaka esifuthumeleko nesomileko ukuze kuzokuvunwa.
Ihlabathi Edingekako
Ikoroyi itlhoga ihlabathi yesibovu evundileko ukuya kwengathi iyisanda yesibovu emunya amanzi kuhle ene-pH eku-6 ukuya ku 7.5 ngokuya nge-DAFF. Umkhiqizo uzokuthintheka kumbi nangabe ihlabathi ine-esidi enengi ezokwenza bona amanye ama-nutrients wehlabathi angabi khona eentjalweni.
Ukukhiqiza endaweni eyomileko, ihlabathi kufanele ikghone ukubamba amanzi kuhle, njengemihlobo yehlabathi enedaka elinengi nofana ilarha elivikela amanzi abulungiweko bona angaphumi. Ihlabathi etsenga amanzi khulu ayikalungeli imikhiqizo etjalwa endaweni eyomileko kodwana ingafanela ukukhiqiza imikhiqo etjalwa endaweni emanzi.
Ukuthelelela
Ikoroyi idinga amanzi angange 600 mm qobe nyaka ngalokho amahlelo wokulima ngokutlhogomela afaka i-minimum tillage ene-stubble retention ayaphakamiswa ukwenzela ukutlhogomela ukuthamba eendaweni ezomileko ekukhiqizwa kizo.
Nakukhiqizwa endaweni ethelelelwako, ukuthelelela amanzi kufanele kwehliswe ngesikhathi sokutlhurha, kukhutjhulwe ngesikhathi sokuzala kwama-pod bese kuyaliswa nasele kusikhathi sokuvuthwa.
I-Propagation
Ikoroyi iveala embewini. Nanoma kuyinto ehle ukuthenga imbewu eqinisekiseko qobe nyaka, kunabalimi abambalwa ababulunga imbewu bayibulungela ukuyitjala ngokuzama ukonga iindleko. Okumbi kukobana umkhiqizo obuya kulezi iimbewu ungathintheka kumbi nangabe imbewu ayikahlwengiswa kuhle nofana ilatjhwe ngama-herbicides afunekako njengoba kusenziwa ngembewu eqinisekisiweko.
Nawuthenga imbewu eqinisekisiweko kunehlelo ekufanele lilandelwe nakungenzeka kube nekinga ngembewu, lapho abalimi ekuzokufanele bazisole khona lokha nababulunga imbewu. Imbewu ekuma-plant breeders right akukafaneli ziphindwaphindwe, zibulungwe nofana zithengiswe ngaphandle kwemvumo nofana ilayisensi ebuya kumnikazi onikelwe imvumo.
Kutjalwa Nini
Imbewu kufanale itjalwe ngokuya kwesiphakamiso seenkhathi zokutjala nokuvuna ezenzelwe enye nenye indawo neminye imihlobo ukwehlisa itlayimethi ehlotjaniswa nokuloba okubangwa sisomiso, umtjhiso, amakhaza kunye nezulu.
Amalanga wokutjala ayahlukahlukana ngokuya kweenkhathi zonyaka, ngonobangela wokuhlangana kwamabhoduluko athileko, ihlabathi nobujamo beentjalo. Endaweni ye-sourthern cape ekuyindawo ena izulu lebusika, abalimi esikhathini esinengi batjala ngemva kokuna kwezulu lokuthoma kusukela phakathi kwenyanga kaSihlabantangana kufikela kuVelabahlinze nahlangana kwenyanga kaMrhayili kufikela ekupheleni kukaVelabahlinze eendaweni ezina izulu lebusika.
Amazinga wokutjhiso ahlukahlukeneko athileko ayadingeka eentejini ezahlukahlukeneko zomkhiqizo. Isibonelo, ukumila angeze kwenzeke emazingeni womtjhiso angaphasi kuka 5 degrees begodu uthinthwa kumbi mazinga womtjhiso angaphezulu kuka 25 degrees Celsius. Amazinga womtjhiso amahle alungele bona iintjalo zingamila kuhle kiwo ahlangana na 10 no 25 degrees Celsius, ngokuya kombiko we-Wheat Production Guide.
Indlela Yokutjala
Imbewu kufanele itjalwe ngokulingana, itjhingele kancani ehlabathini begodu kube yihlabathi ethambileko. Ngokuya komhlahla we-DAFF’s, ukuminyana kwembewu lokha nakutjalwako kuyahlukahlukana kusukela ku 20 kg/ha ukuya ku 25 kg/ha ngaphasi kobujamo bendawo eyomileko bese kube yi 90 kg/ha kufikela ku 120kg/ha endaweni emanzi, ukuminyana kuyahlukana ngokuya kwama-cultivars nokuthamba okukhona ehlabathini. Imbewu ingatjalwa ngokusebenzisa i-minimum tillage nofana ukusebenzisa ama-planters anama-tines nofana ama-discs.
Abalimi batjhiya iinkhala ezidege emareyini lokha nabatjala endaweni eyomileko bese kuthi nabatjala ikoroyi endaweni emanzi benze amareyi amancani ngobubanzi.
Translated by Busisiwe Prudance Skhosana