Ukulima Ukolweni

Ukolweni wehlobo lukhula phakathi kuka-22 no-34 degrees Celsius, kanti ukolweni webusika uhamba kahle phakathi kwama-degrees angu-5 no-25 degrees Celsius, ngokusho komhlahlandlela wokukhiqiza ukolweni yoMnyango wezoLimo namahlathi (i-DAFF). Isimo sezulu kufanele sibe sepholile futhi sinomsolo wokutshala, kulandelwe yisikhathi esomile sokuvuna.

Izidingo Zomhlaba

©Glenneis Kriel

Isikolweni sidinga umhlabathi ovuthiwe owenziwe kahle owenziwe ngomhlabathi we-sandy loam nge-pH ka-6 kuya ku-7.5, ngokusho kwe-DAFF. Ukukhiqizwa kuyothinteka kabi uma inhlabathi iyinto enamandla kakhulu, okuzokwenza ezinye izakhi zomhlabathi zingatholakali ezitshalweni.
Ukukhiqizwa komhlabathi owomile, inhlabathi kufanele ibe namandla okubamba amanzi, njengezinhlobo zomhlabathi ezinobumba obumba obunzima noma ungqimba obunqanda ovimbela amanzi agciniwe ekugcineni. Inhlabathi enothile kahle ayifanele ukukhiqizwa komhlabathi owomileyo, kodwa ingase ifanele ukukhiqizwa ngaphansi kokunisela.

Ukunisela

©Louise Brodie

Isivuno sidinga cishe ngamamitha ayi-600 ngamanzi ngonyaka, ngakho-ke imikhuba yokulima yokulondolozwa, okubandakanya ukulima okuncane nokugcinwa kwezinhlanga kunconywa ukuba kulondolozwe umswakama ekukhiqizeni komhlabathi.
Ngokukhiqizwa ngaphansi kokunisela, izicelo zamanzi kufanele zinciphise ngenkathi ziqhuma, zanda ngesikhathi sokugcwalisa i-pod futhi zaphela ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa.

Ukusabalalisa

©Glenneis Kriel

Usanhlamvu usakazwa kusuka enzalweni. Nakuba kungcono ukuthenga imbewu eqinisekisiwe ngonyaka ngamunye, kukhona abalimi abambalwa abalondoloza imbewu yokutshala ngomzamo wokulondoloza izindleko. Ukwehluleka ukuthi ukukhiqizwa okuvela kulezi zinhlanzi kungase kuthinteke kabi uma imbewu ingahlanjululwanga kahle noma ilashwe nezibulala-zinambuzane ezidingekayo, njengendlela yokusebenza ngenzalo eqinisekisiwe.
Uma uthenga imbewu eqinisekisiwe, kunesimiso esilandelayo uma kukhona okungalungile ngenzalo, kanti abalimi bazoba necala ngokwabo lapho basebenzisa imbewu egciniwe. Imbewu ngaphansi kwamalungelo abalimi besitshalo angeke yande, igcinwe noma ithengiswe ngaphandle kokugunyazwa okudingekile noma ilayisensi evela kubanikazi bamalungelo.

Isikhathi Sokutshala

Imbewu kufanele itshalwe ngokusho kwesikhathi sokutshala nokuvuna okwenziwe endaweni ngayinye kanye nokuhlukahluka, ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwezulu okubangelwa yisomiso, ukushisa, ukubandayo nemvula.
Usuku lokutshala oluhle lungashintsha kusukela kwenkathi eyodwa kuya kolunye, ngenxa yokuxhumana phakathi kwezimo ezithile zemvelo, inhlabathi nezitshalo. Enyakatho yeKapa, okuyindawo yokuvula imvula yasebusika, abalimi bavame ukutshala emva kwemvula yokuqala kusukela maphakathi no-Ephreli kuze kufike ngoJulayi naphakathi koMeyi nasekupheleni kukaJulayi ezindaweni zasezimvula zasehlobo.
Izindawo zokushisa ezicacile ziyadingeka ngezigaba ezahlukene zokukhiqiza. Ukuhluma, isibonelo, ngeke kwenzeke ngezansi-degrees 5 futhi kuthinteke kabi ngamazinga okushisa angaphezu kuka-25 degrees Celsius. Ukushisa okungcono kokuvundisa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuphakathi kuka-10 no-25 degrees Celsius, ngokusho komhlahlandlela wokukhiqiza ukolweni.

Indlela Yokutshala

Imbewu kufanele itshalwe ngokulinganayo, ngokungajulile nasenhlabathini enomanzi. Ukucindezeleka kwe-Seeding kungahluka kusuka ku-20 kg/ha kuya ku-25 kg/ha ngaphansi kwezimo ezomileyo kanye no-90 kg/ha kuya ku-120 kg/ha ngaphansi kokunisela, ngokusho komhlahlandlela we-DAFF, nokuhlwanyela kwabantu okuhlukahluka kwezilimo ezihlukahlukene kanye nokutholakala komswakama inhlabathi. Imbewu ingahle itshalwe nge-no noma esincane-kuze kube yilabo abakhiqizi noma abatshali abakhiwe ngamaminithi noma ama-discs.
Abalimi ngokuvamile basebenzisa ukuhlukaniswa kwemigqa ebanzi ngaphansi komhlabathi owomile kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwemigqa emincane lapho kuhlalwa ukolweni ngaphansi kokunisela.

Translated by Nsika Khoza