Ku Byariwa ka Koroni

Koroni ya ximumu yi hanya kahle exikarhi ka 22 na 34 degrees Celsius, loko ya xixika yona yitirha ku antswa exikarhi ka 5 degrees na 25 degrees Celsius, kuya hi Production Guideline for Wheat y Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF). Maxelo ya fanele kuva lawa yanga hola naswona ya tsakama leswaku kuta byariwa, ya landzeriwa hi nguva yokufumela no oma ya ntshovelo.

Swilaveko swa Misava

©Glenneis Kriel

Koroni yi lava misava leyi tswongaka kahle mati yonona ya loamy kuya eka sandy leyingana pH ya 6 kuya eka 7.5, kuya hi DAFF. Vuhumelerisi byita khumbeka hindlela yobiha loko misava yakona yitele acid, leswingata endla leswaku swakudya swin’wana swa misava swinga kumeki.
Eka vuhumelerisi bya laha kunga oma, misava yifanele kuva yiri na vuswikoti byo khoma misava, kufana na misava yofana na leyi ya vumba kumbe leyara leyi sivelaka mati lawa ya hlayisiweke kuva ya huma. Misava leyi tswongaka kahle mati yi kahle eka vuhumelerisi lebyi nga cheletiweki, kambe yinga tlhela yiva kahle swinene eka vuhumelerisi lebyi cheletiwaka.

Ncheleto

©Louise Brodie

Swimilani swilava kwalomu ka 600 mm ya mati hi lembe, se marimelo ya nhlayiso, lawa ya katsaka kupfuxetiwa ka misava swa hlohleteriwa kuva ku hlayisiwa ndzhongo eka misava leyinga cheletiweki.
Eka vuhumelerisi byale hansi ka ncheleto, ku cheriwa ka mati swifanele ku hungutiwa loko kuhuma mabilomu, kutani swi engeteriwa loko ku huma ti pod kutani switshikiwa loko mihandzu yivupfile.

Mabyalelo

©Glenneis Kriel

Koroni yi byariwa kusuka eka mbewu. Kambe swikahle ku xava mbewu leyinga pasisiwa lembe rin’wana na rin’wana, kuna van’wamapurasi lava hlayisaka mbewu leswaku vata byala na lembe leri landzelaka leswaku vata hlayisa mali. Xobiha xakona hileswaku vuhumelerisi kusuka eka mbewu leyi swingava na xiave xobiha swinene loko mbewu leyi yinga basisiwi kumbe ku totiwa murhi lowu lavekaka wa switsotswana tani hi leswi mbewu leyi pasisiweke yi endlisiwaka xiswona.
Loko u xava mbewu leyinga tiyisisiwa, kuna maendlelo yokarhi lawa u faneleke ku wa landzelela loko ko tshuka kuve na leswinga hoxeka hi mbewu yoleyo, laha van’wamapurasi vangatava vari na nadzu hi voxe loko vatirhise mbewu leyi nga hlayisiwa kusukela eka lembe leri hundzeke. Mbewu leyinga e hansi ka timfanelo ta varimi yingaka yinga andzisiwi, yi hlayisiwa kumbe ku xavisiwa kungari na mpfumelelo kumbe layisense kusuka eka lava vangana timfanelo.

Nkarhi wo Byala

Mbewu yifanele ku byariwa kuya hilaha swinga leterisiwa xiswona xikan’we na nkarhi wa ntshovelo eka ndzhawu na muxaka wokarhi, ku hunguta kulahlekeriwa loku fambelanaka na maxelo leswinga vangiwaka hi dyandza, kuhisa, kutitimela xikan’we na mpfula.
Nkarhi wo byala lowu kunguhatiweke wunga hambana kuya hi tinguva, hikokwalaho ka knwetlembetano exikarhi ka misava, mbango na xiyimo xa swimilani. E southern Cape, laha kungana timpfula ta xixika, van’wamapurasi vata byala endzhaku ka timpfula tale xikarhi ka April kuya fika July naswona exikarhi ka May nale makumu ka July eka tindzhawu letingana timpfula ta ximumu.

Kuna maxelo yo hambana hambana lawa ya lavekaka eka switeji swohambana hambana swa vuhumelerisi. Ku mila tani hi xikombiso, swingaka swinga humeleli ehansi ka-5 degrees naswona swinga khumbeka swinene hindlela yobiha swinene loko mahiselo yari e henhla ka 25 degrees Celsius. Mahiselo ya kahle ya pollination, hi tlhelo lerin’wana, hilawa yanga exikarhi ka 10 na 25 degrees Celsius, kuya hi Wheat Production Guide.

Ndlela yo Byala

Mbewu yifanele ku byariwa kahle, yinga celeriwi laha kunga enta ngopfu naswona eka misava leyi tsakamaka. Matlimbanelo ya mbewu ya fanele ku hambana kusuka eka 20 kg/ha kuya eka 25 kg/ha ehansi ka xiyimo lexinga cheletiweki na 90 kg/ha kuya eka 120 kg/ha ehansi ka ncheleto, kuya hi vuleteri bya DAFF, laha kungana ntlimbano wobyala lowu hambanaka kusuka eka swibyariwa swohambana hambana naswona kuya hi vukona ndzhongho wa misava. Mbewu yinga byariwa kungari na swobyala leswi tirhisiwaka ku byala.
Van’wamapurasi vatal ku tirhisa swipesi leswi anameke eka misava leyinga cheletiweki kasi laha ku cheletiwaka va endla switlhuma loko kuri koroni.

Translated by Ike Ngobeni