Emalungiselelo ekunakekela kuhlanyelwa kwemalitchisi kushiyana ngendlela yekuwanakekela, lamandla lamaningi lafakwako ekuhlanyela ngesikhatsi lesimfishane, kulenhlanyelo. Loku kungafaka kuvundzisa, kunisela, kuncutsa, igirdling, kuvikelwa kwenhlanyelo kanye nekuphilisa nge sulphur dioxide ngekuvuna ekucaleni.
Secwayiso lesiningi lesibhaliwe singatfolwa ngekuhlanganisa tifundvo temalitchisi kanye netecwayiso letiphindziwe tekulima. Litiko Lekuhlanyela emaLithcisi eNingizimu Afrika (SALGA) isekela phindze inakekele umkhicito wemalitchisi kanye nekumakethwa kwawo eNingizimu Afrika phindze lisite ngekucwayisa kumalungiselelo ekunakekela emalitchisi.
Tento Tekunakekela Tingadze temaLitchisi
Tihlahla temalitchisi tivela kusula emahlatsini lasendzaweni leshishako lese Ningizimu yase China. Etigodzini tekukhicita tase Ningizimu Afrika, nomakunjalo, umkhicito loyimphumelelo wemalitchisi utsembele ekuniselweni. Lenhlobo kanye nekuma ngekunisela kungashiyana ngebudzala noma umnyaka wesihlahla, simo selitulu noma inhlobo yemhlabatsi. Kokubili kunisela ngelitfonsi kanye nekunisela ngendlela lencane kuyasetjentiswa eNingizimu Afrika.
Kufana nekunisela, kuvundzisa nguyinye indlela yetintfo temkhicito lophakeme wemalitchisi.. tihlahla letinsha letihlanyelwe phindze kumele tivundziswe ngemuva kwekukhokha licembe lekucala lato. Eminyakeni lemibili yekucala, kufakwa kwamanyolo kumele kuhlukaniswe ngekufakwa kasiphohlongo ngesikhatsi sekukhulisa (inyanga yeNyoni kuya kunyanga yaMabasa). Ngemuva kwaloko kufakwa kwamanyolo kuyehliswa.
Kuvundzisa tihlahla letikhokhako kuvame kwenteka ngemuva kwekuvuna, ikakhulu ekuvuneni kwekucala kuhluma lokuvelako ngaphambi kwekuphuma kwetimbali kanye nekwakheka kwesitselo ngesikhatsi sihlahla semalitchisi singenela sikhatsi lesifuna emanti kanye nemanutrition. Kufakwa kwamanyolo kumele kwenteke ngekuya kwemhlabatsi kanye nekuhlolwa kwelicembe kanye nemanutrition esitjalo noma tecwayiso tekulima kungasita ngeluhla lwekuvundzisa.
Ngesikhatsi sekuhluma kwesitselo, sikalo sekugadza tilwanyana kumele sifakwse kwentela kun ciphisa kulahlekelwa yinhlanyelo ngenca yamavivane emalitchisi, emavivane langasiwo wona kanye netimphumangane tetitselo.
Kukhula kwesitselo kungangetwa ngekunisela kanye nekuvundzisa kanjalo nekukhula kwesitjalo kanye nekugocana ngesikhatsi sekuhluma kwembali yekucala. Ngekufana, kuniseleka kahle kanye nekuvundzisa kunganciphisa kwehla kwesitselo kanye nekushiswa lilanga. Emanethi emtfunti, kuvala yonkhe lengadze yetitselo, sekwetfuliwe etikweni lemalitchisi ngemphumelelo lenhle futsi kunganciphisa kushiswa lilanga phindze kunciphise kuhlaseleka esimeni selitulu lesiyininkinga.
Kuvalwa kwetitselo tema litchisi lahlangene ngesikhwama seliplasitiki bekwentelwa kuvikela kushiswa lilanga, kugedvuka kwesitselo kanye nekulimala ngenca yetimphungane tetitselo, emavivane emalitchisi, emalulwane kanye netinyoni. Inchubo yemsebenti phindze leyenta tinkinga letifana nekuvundza kanye nelibala, lokukhulu nyalo sekungenelwa tindlela letinye tekunakekela. Loku kufaka indlela lekahle yekuvundzisa kantsi nekunisela kwentela kuvikela kushiswa lilanga kantsi nekusetjentiswa kwemanethi kwentela kunciphisa kulinyatwa tinyoni.
Lapho kudzingeka khona, kuvuna kwekucala lokwenteka ngesikhatsi sekuncutsa kumele kwentiwe ngekushesha ngemuva kwekuvuna, ikakhulu inhlanyelo yemalitchisi amuva. Emahlanga etitselo lashiywe ngemuva kwekukha kumele asuswe.
Tihlahla temalitchisi tidzinga kungenela sigaba sekuphumula (kungahlumi sikhatsi) ngaphambi kwekutsi kuphume timbali kwentela kukhulisa sikhatsi lesenele setimbali. Kunjwa kwemanti kusuka ngenyanga yeNdlovu kuya kunyanga ye Nkhwenkhweti, kushiyane ngalendzawo yekukhicita, ingasetjentisa kugcizelela kungahlumi sikhatsi, kepha ayikavami kusebenta sonkhe sikhatsi kushiyana ngetimo telitulu, njengekutsi timvula letiphutako ngenyanga yeNdlovu nenyanga ya Mabasa. Nakufakwa kunakekela inkinga yemanti, kubalulekile kutsi kungavunyelwa letihlahla kutsi tome ngekushesha.
Noma ngukuphi kuhluma kwetibhidvo lokwenteka ngesikatsi selikwindla noma ekungeneni kwebusika kunganciphisa noma kuvele kuvikele kuphuma kwetimbali kantsi kudzingwa kutsi kugadzeke ngekutsi kufakwe lolokukhulisa titjalo ithephon, lebulala lelicembe lelivelako bese kuvulela kuhluma kwetimbali ngesikhatsi timo telitulu setehlile ngalokwenele.
Noma nje kungasetjentiswa kahle, kugobana kwetihlahla temalitchisi kungente phakatsi kwenyanga yeNdlovu ngemuva kwekuvuna kwekucala lokwentekako kwetibhidvo sekucinise kutsi kukala tibhidvo letihluma ngesikhtsi sekucala sekuphuma kwetimbali. Loku kwelapaha akuvami kusebente ngasosonkhe sikhatsi kutsi kungavikela kuvela kwelicembe lelisha ngalenandlela kudzinga kulandzelwa ngekutsi kufakwe iethephon.
Kuvuna kanye Nekuvuna Kwekucala Kwekwelapha emaLitchisi
Emalitchisi akusiso sitselo lesiyangesimo selitulu lesingavutfwa kwengca nasesikhiwe. Kuvunwa ngekutsi sekukhulile kubonwa ngenhlanyelo letsite yelibala lesitselo, kuma kwaso, kuvela kwesikhumba kanye nesinongo. Tintfo leticinile letingancibilika (TSS) kanye ne titratable esidi (TA) yeluhlanga lwesitselo ayatfolwa kantsi nekubalwa kwawo ngaphambi kwekuvunwa lokungaba yintfo lekala kukhula. Lesigaba salelitiko sekukhula singu TSS kuya ku TA ngesilinganiso sa 25:1.
Ngenca yekuvutfwa lokungalingani kwetitselo kulesikhehle noma kulesihlahla, sitselo sikhiwa ngekukhetfwa ekucaleni kwesikhatsi sekuvuna. Kuciniseka ngelinani lesitselo lokusetjentiswa kwesitselo kukala (kukhiwa kwetindingilizi) kuyakhutsata. Muva ngesikhatsi sekuvuna ngesikhatsi tonkhe titselo setifike ekuvutfweni, sonkhe sikhehle setitselo lesigcwele siyakhiwa. Lokungaba ngu 3 mm welihlanga lesitselo kwentela kuvikela kuhlukana kwesikhumba.
Tihlahla temalitchisi tivama kukhiwa ngelusito lwekusebentisa ticanco noma ematreyila ekukha kwentela kutfola tihlala letinkhulu. Kukha kuvame kwenteka ngesikhatsi lesipholile sekuhamba kwelusuku, kuvame kwenteka ekuseni. Kuze kuvikeleke kugatuka kanye nelibala lelinsundvu kulesikhumba sesitselo, lesitselo lesivuniwe kulengadze, ngesikhatsi sekuhambisa kanye nalapho kupakishwa khona.
Ngesikhatsi senchubo yekuvuna, titselo letisutelwe noma letilimele tibekwa ndzawonye kulengadze bese leto letiphilile letimikiswa lapho tipakishelwa khona. Kulendzawo letipakishelwa kiyo, emalitchisi avame kufutfwa nge sulphur dioxide, le antioxidant levama kuvikela kutsi sikhumba singabi nsundvu phindze ikale kuhlaseleka noma kutseleleka lokungachubela emphilweni lemfisha yaseshelufini. Titselo letihanjiswa ngendlela yasemoyeni tivame kuvikelwa ngema esidi etintfo letakhiwe ngetintfo letiphilako ngemuva kwekufutfwa nge sulphur kwentela kuvumela kubuya lokusheshako kwelibala lesikhumba lesisabovana.
Ngemuva kwekufutsa ne/noma kwelapha ema esidi, emalitchisi ahlelwa ngelinani. Kwentela iMauritius kanye ne McLean’s Red lokuncipha kwesikalo sesitselo kwentela kuhambisa kungu 30 mm bese kwemakethe yasendzaweni kungu 28 mm.
Kushiyana ngalemakethe, lesitselo siyapakishwa kumbe emakhathonini langu 2kg noma tikhwanyana temaplasitiki letincane. Kwentela sikhatsi lesidze kuhleli lapho kugcinwa khona, emakhathoni lanemalitchisi angapakishwa neliphepha lelikhulula isulphur dioxide kancane ngetulu kwetitselo.
Ngesimo sasegumbini, lemphilo yelishelufa yesitselo semalitchisi langakalashwa tinsuku letimbalwa. Nomakunjalo, titsi natipakishiwe etintfweni letivaliwe bese tifakwa efrigini leku 4°C, angagcina kuze kufike emaviki lamabili. Titsi tingalashwa ngekutsi tifutfwe nge sulphur, letitselo tingatsatsa emaviki lasihlanu ku 1°C longaba ngemaviki lamabili nangabe tipakishwe etikhwanyaneni bese tifakwa efrigini ku 4°C. Ngesimo seligumbi, imphiloyelishelufa itinsuku letimabalwa kuphela. Emalitchisi ayoma bese lesikhumba siyagucuka sibansundvu ngencay yekungatfolikahle emanti.
Kukala eKuhlanyelweni kwema Litchisi
Umkhicito wemalitchisi eNingizimu Afrika ushaywa kukhokha lokungalingani lokubangwa kugucuka kwetimbali kanye nekuhleleka lokuphansi kwetitselo. Nomakunjalo, emalungiselelo langiwo ekunakekela ingadze yetitselo akhokha lokungafika kumathani lamashumi lamabili kuhekitha linye langatfolwa.
Kugucuka kwendlela yesimo selitulu ngenca yekugucuka kwesimo sekukhulise sisindvo emkhicitweni wemalitchisi. Kugadza letindlela tengucuko yesimo ngekutsi kutsatfwe emalungiselelo ekunaka ingadze yetitselo kungaba sikhiya noma yindlela yekutfola umkhicito wetitselo locinile lonetitselo letinhle kulikusasa.
Translated by Phindile Malotana