Sitselo lesijikajikako phindze lesinemanutrients, emakotapeni akhicitwa lapho kumantana phindze kutfumele khona, tigodzi letinekushisa tase Ningizimu Afrika, kunakeka kakhulu esifundzeni sase Limpopo nase Mpumalanga ngenyanga yeNdlovu Lenkhulu kuya kunyenga yeNyoni.
Yini Likotapeni
Likotapeni (Persea Americana) lephindze yatiwe nge alligator pear,aguacate ne palta nge Spain, noma iavokado nge Sibhunu. Lidvunyiswa yi Central America ngemanutrients alo kanye netindzawo letingekhatsi, leligama lelitsi ‘likotapeni’ lingahle kube litsetfwe ebitweni le Aztec ‘ahuacatl’ lekuchaza ‘emasendze’.
Likotapeni sitselo sasendzaweni leshisako, lesinemanutrient lavutsiwe nesikhumba lesiluhlata kanye nendumbu yinye lecinile. Leleliluhlata lokhanyako kuya kulibala leliyicream inyama lenabhotela (lesetulu kunaletinye titselo), emafutsa langangetetelwa kanye nemavitamin langetulu kwemashumi lamabili. Emakotapeni aphindze atfwale ifolate, vitamin k, ipantothenic acid kanye ne copper kanjalo na 6% lonconyiwe wetigaba tavitamin E ngelilangaa, 4% wa vitamin C kanye ne carotenoids: ilutein kanye ne zeaxanthin.
Umkhicito Wema Kotapeni
Sihlahla lesikhula ngekushesha semakotapeni ngulesishonako, sihlahla lesihlala siluhlata lesilungele timo letipholile kanye naletimantana nekufutfumala ngesimo selitulu setindzawo letishisako. Lesihlahla siyincelencele kusitfwatfwa kanye netinkingeni temanti – timvula temnyaka tenkhulungwane ngemamilimitha tiyafunwa.
Timbale letimakhulu lamabili kuya kumakhulu lamatsatfu etimbati letimtfubi loyakuluhlata tiyavela ngenyanga yasehlobo phindze tivundziswa tinyosi kanye netimphunganeletiyalukako, kepha timbili noma tintsatfu timbale letikhula tibe sitselo.
Emakotapeni akavutfwa abe asesesihlahleni futsi kumele akhiwe nasekamakhulu futsi asakhule kahle. Livutfwa kungakapheli nemaviki lamabili ngesimo sekushisa seligumbi futsi kumele agcinwe esimeni lesingaphansi kwa 5.5°C. kuvutfwa kungagadzeka ngekutsi kunakwe simo sekushisa lapho agcinwe khona kanye nalahanjiswa ngako.
Umlandvo Wema Kotapeni
Lelikotapeni licatjangwa kutsi livela eMexico lapho khona kuhlanyelwa kusakateke khona ngaseningizimu yakhona kuya eCentral America kuya nase Peru kanye nase West Indies. Kwetfulwa kwawo emhlabeni wonkhe jikelele kwentiwa kakhulu batsengisi base Europe ngeminyaka ya 1519.
Ngekufana, kuyetsenjwa kutsi inhlanyelo yelikotapeni lekucala laletfwa eNingizimu Afrika ngebatsengisi noma bahlali bekucala. Kukhokha kancane kwetibhidvo temakotapeni kwacala eAmerica ngemnyaka wa 1890 kwase intsengiso yekucala yetitjalo yacala eIsrael ngemnyaka wa 1908, ngeligama lekucala lekulima: iFuerte kanye ne Dickinson, leyahlanyelwa ngemnyaka wa 1924.
Umlandvo weMkhicito Wemakotapeni eNingizimu Afrika
Lomkhicito wema kotapeni eNingizimu Afrika wacala ngemnyaka wa 1930 nga Dokotela hans Merensky lowasungula ingadze yekucala yemakotapeni eWestfalia Estate eSifundzeni sase Limpopo. Litiko lalenkampani: iWestfalia Technological Services (WTS), nyalo sekube sitselo lesikhulu emlabeni lesikhokhelwa imali litiko lwekucwalinga.
Litiko Lekukhulisa emaKotapeni eNingizimu Afrika (South African Avocado Growers Associatin – SAAGA) lasungulwa nakuphela umnyaka wa 1960 kwentela kuphucula umkhicito kanye nemakethe yemakotapeni. Bulunga be SAAGA lobungetulu kwalokukhulako lokumakhulu lasihlanu ngetulu kwa 95% wemakotapeni aseNingizimu Afrika langumkhicito lohanjiswako.
Litiko lemakotapeni eNingizimu Afrika lakhula kusuka kumahekitha lamakhulu lamabili ngekucala kwemnyaka wa 1970 kuya kumahekitha latinkhulungulwane letilishumi nakubili ngemnyaka wa 2003. Ngenyanga yaBhimbindvwane ngemnyaka wa 2019, kwakukhona emahekitha layinkhulungwane nesikhombisa nemakhulu lasihlanu eNingizimu Afrika nekukhula lokubekiswako kwemahekitha layinkhulungwane kuya kumahekitha layinkhulungwane nemakhulu lasihlanu ngemnyaka lahlanyelwa.
Translated by Phindile Malotana