Muhandzu lowu endlaka swotala naku tala swakudya, ma-avocados ya humelerisiwa laha ku tsakamaka, eka tindzhawu ta subtropical ta Afrika Dzonga, ngopfu ngopfu e swifundzheni swa Limpopo na Mpumalanga eka tinhweti ta March kuya eka September.
Xana Iyini Avocado
Avocado (Persea americana) ritlhela ritiveka tani hi alligator pear, aguacate na palta hi Spanish, kumbe avokado hi Afrikaans. Rithemedheriwa swinene hi vahluvukisi va khale vale Central American hikokwalaho swakudya leswi ringana swona xikan’we naleswi ringana nhlohletelo eka swa masangu, vito ‘avocado’ ringava risukela eka rito Aztec ra ‘ahuacatl’ leswivulaka ‘testicle’.
Ma-avocado i mihandzu leyikumekaka eka tindzhawu ta subtropical, lowu fuweka swinene wa nhlonge ya rihlaza na nyungu yin’we endzeni. Endzeni wuna swototela swa rihlaza leri vonikelaka leswi taleke hi swakudya (swale henhla ku tlula mihandzu yotale), mafurha naku tlula 20 wati vitamin. Ma-avocados yana folate, vitamin K, pantothenic acid na copper xikan’we na 6% wa nkoka lowu hlohleteriwaka wa vitamin E, 4% ya vitamin C na carotenoids: lutein na zeaxanthin.
Ma-avocado yatala ku dyiwa yakarhi yatsakama naswona yanga humelerisiwa ku endla mbuyelo wa quality wa mafurha, mukapu wa avocado lowu tirhisiwaka swinene ku lulamisela guacamole naswona yanga tsemeleriwa yava swiphemu kutani ya hatlisa ya gwitsirisiwa.
Vuhumelerisi bya ma-Avocado
Misinya leyi ya ma-avocado yi kula hiku hatlisa yitlhela yitlhuma, yitshama yiri rihlaza leyi tsakelaka laha ku titimelaka naku tsakama na maxelo ya subtropical. Nsinya lowu wu Alana na gwitsi na ntshikelelo wopfumala mati – mpfula ya lembe hinkwaru ya 1 000 mm ya tsakeriwa.
Swikatsa swa 200 - 300 wa mabilomu ya xitshopani-rihlaza ya humelela eka tinhweti ta ximumu naswona pollination yi endliwa hitinyoxi nati hoverflies, kambe kova ntsena mabilomu yambirhi kumbe yanharhu lawa yangata hundzuka muhandzu.
Ma-avocado aya vupfi loko yahari ensinyeni naswona ya khiwa loko ya kurile naswona ya helerile kukula. Yata vupfa endzhaku ka vhiki kumbe mambirhi eka ndzhawu leyinga ngheneki dyambu naswona yafanele ya vekiwa laha kunga na matitimelelo yangariki ehansi ka 5.5°C. Ku vupfa swinga lawuriwa hi ndzhawu ya vuhlayisi xikan’we na mafambiselo ya wona.
Matimu ya ma-Avocado
Ma-avocado ya ehleketeleriwa kuva ya tumbuluke e Mexico kusuka laha ku rimiwa kunga hangalaka kuya e dzongeni kuta hile Central America kuya e Peru nale West Indies. Ku tisiwa ka wona eka misava hinkwayo swingava swi hlohleteriwe hi vaxavisi vale Europe kwalomu kava 1519.
Hindlela leyi fanaka, kutshembiwa leswaku swimilani swo sungula swa ma-avocado switisiwile e Afrika Dzonga kungava kuri hi vaxavisi kumbe valungu lavanga hatlisa vafika. Ku byariwa ka ma-avocados swi sungule hi America eka malembe yava 1890s naswona swimilani swosungula swo xavisiwa swibyariwe e tikweni ra Israel hi 1908, laha tinxaka tosungula akuri ta: Fuerte na Dickinson, leti byariweke hi 1924.
Matimu ya Vuhumelerisi bya ma-Avocado e SA
Vuhumelerisi bya ma avocado e Afrika Dzonga byi sungule hi malembe yava 1930 hi Dr Hans Merensky loyi anga tumbuluixa xirhapa xosungula e Westfalia Estate exifundzheni xa Limpopo. Xiyenge xa vuthekiniki xa khamphani leyi: Westfalia Technological Services (WTS), sweswi xihundzuke lexikulu emisaveni hinkwayo lexi seketeriwaka hi swatimali hi munhu kungari mfumo xa mihandzu lexi langutaneke na vulavisisi.
Nhlangano wa South African Avocado Growers Association (SAAGA) wu tumbuluxiwile kuya eku heleni kava 1960s ku antswisa vuhumelerisi naku xavisiwa ka ma-avocado. Swirho swa SAAGA’s swi tlakukile kuhundza kwalomu ka 500 wa varimi leswi endlaka kutlula 95% wa vuhumelerisi bya Afrika Dzonga bya ma-avocado lebyi xaviseriwaka matiko yale handle.
Tindzhawu ta vuhumelerisi bya ma-avocado ta Afrika Dzonga tikurile kusuka eka 2 000 ha ekusunguleni kava 1970s kuya eka 12 000 ha hi 2003. Hi January 2019, akuri na kwalomu ka 17 500 ha wa swibyariwa e Afrika Dzonga laha aku ehleketeleriwa kutlakuka ka kwalomu ka 1 000 ha kuya eka 1 500 ha ku byariwile hi lembe.
Translated by Ike Ngobeni