Sithelo esenza izinto ezinengi esinezakhamzimba, ama-avokhado akhiqizwa endaweni enobuswe, emfundeni ezi-subtropical zeSewula Africa, khulukhulu esifundeni sangeLimpopo kanye neMpumalanga ebusika kusukela ngoNtaka ukuya kuSewula.
Yini ama-Avocado
Ama-avocado (Persea americana) aziwa njenge-alligator pear, aguacate kanye ne-palta ngelimi lesi-Spanish, nanyana-avokado ngelimu lesibhuru. Yabongelelwa yi-Central American civilizations ngebanga lehlanganisela anayo yokwakha umzimba, nokuba ne-aphrodisiac, ibizo le-avokado livela ebizweni lesi-Aztec elithi - ‘ahuacatl’ elitlhadlhula ‘amasende’.
I-avocado sitjalo se-subtropical esizele izakhimzimba, esineskhumba esihlaza kanye nendumba yinye. Iskhumba sayo esihlaza satjani okukhanyako simumethe imithiya edliwako eminengi ukudlula etholakala kwezinye iinthelo, amavithamini adlula kwayi-20 kanye namafutha. Ama-avokhado amumethe i-folate, vitamin K, pantothenic acid kanye ne-copper amumethe godu ne-6% yama-vitamin E, ekuphakanyiswa kobana kutlhogela kobana adliwe qobe lilanga, ezimumethe i-vitamin c kanye ne-caratenoids: lutein kanye ne-zeaxanthin.
Ama-avocado adliwa khulu afretjhi begodu angasetjenziselwa ukwenza amafutha, indumba yawo isetjenziselwa ukwenza i-gaucamole begodu ingasikwa iinqetjhana ifakwe esiqandisini ibelirhwaba.
Ukukhiqizwa Kwama-Avocado
Umuthi okhula msinya wama-avokhado uhlangene, uhlala uhlaza satjani begodu uthanda itlayimedi lapha kuhlala kunobuswe begodu kupholile. Umuthayo uyazwela lokha nawuthola umbethe kanye nalokha ungathelelelwa - izulu qobe mnyaka kufanele lin nge-1 000 mm.
Iveza amathuthumbo ayi-200 -300 anombala osarulana onga uba sahlaza kotjani ehlobo begodu ipholinethiwa zinyosi kanye nama-hoverflies, kodwana kumila amathuthumba amabili nanyana amathathu kwaphela esthelweni.
Ama-avokhado akavuthwa lokha nakasemthini, begodu kutlhogeka kobana akhiwe lokha nasele amakhulu. Avuthwa ingakapheli iveke nanyana iimveke ezimbili lokha nakabekwe emazingeni amahle afuthumeleko ngendlini. Ayifuni ukubekwa emazingeni womtjhiso aphasi, angaphasi kwe-5.5°C. Ukuvuthwa kwawo kungatlhogonyelwa ngokobana abekwe endaweni lapho azokutlhogonyelwa khona nalapha azokuthuthwa khona.
Umlando Wama-Avocado
Kudlunjanwa kobana ama-avokhado avela enarheni ye-Mexico, asabalala aya e-America ephakathi kanye nenarheni yePeru abe afika e-West Indies. Ukuthulwa kwawo ephasini loke kwenziwa barhwebi egade babuya enarheni yange-Europe eminyakeni yabo-1519.
Ngokufanako, kukholelwa kobana imbewu zama-avokhado lapha eSewula-Africa zalethwa barhwebi nanyana abahlali bakade. Ukutjalwa kwawo kwathoma enarheni ye-America ngeminyaka yabo-1890, atjalwa ngomngcopho wokwenza inzuzo e-Israyeli ngeminyaka yabo-1908, umhlobo wawo wokuthoma amabizwayo kade kuyi-Fuerte kanye ne-Dickinson, ezatjalwa emnyakeni ka-1924.
Umlando Wokukhiqizwa Kwama-Avocado eSewula Africa
Umkhiqizo wama-avocado eSewula Africa watlanywa ngeminyaka yabo-1930, uthonywa ngu-Dr Hans Merensky owatlama isimu yokuthoma yama-avokhado esifundeni sangeLimpopo e-Westfalia Estate. I-technical division yekampani le ebizwa bona yi-Westfalia Technological Services (WTS), kwanjesi sele itjhuguluke yaba yihlangano ezijameleko ekulu kunazo zoke esekelwe ngokwemmali.
Ihlangano yabatjali bama-avokhado beSewula Africa i-South African Avocado Growers Association (SAAGA) yatlanywa lada ngonyaka ka-1960 ukwenza ngcono umkhiqizo kanye nokurhweba ngama-Avokhado. Amalunga wehlangano ye-(SAAGA) adlula kwayi-500 afake hlangana i-(SAAGA) 95% yomkhiqizo wama-avokhado weSewula Africa athunyelwa eenarheni zangaphandle.
Ibubulo leSewula-Africa lama-avokhado likhule nge-2 000 yamahekuthara ekuthomeni konyaka ka-1970 ukuya emahekuthareni ayi-12 000 ngonyaka ka-2003. NgoTjhirhweni wonyaka ka-2019, gade kutjalwe amahekuthara ayi-17 500 eSewula-Africa lapha kudlunjanwa kobana angezeleleke ngokungasenani ngamahekuthara ayi-1 000 ukuya ku-1 500 atjalwe qobe nyaka.
Translated by Busisiwe Prudance Skhosana