Izithelo eziguquguqukayo nezinempilo, ama-avocados akhiqizwa ezindaweni ezinomswakama, ezingaphansi kweNingizimu Afrika, ikakhulukazi izifundazwe zaseLimpopo naseMpumalanga ezinyangeni zikaMashi kuya kuSepthemba.
Yini ama-Avocado?
I-Avocado (Persea americana) yaziwa nangokuthi i-alligator pear, i-aguacate ne-palta ngeSpanishi, noma i-avokado ngesiBhunu. Kutuswa yimpucuko yasendulo yaseMelika Ephakathi ngezakhi zayo ezinomsoco kanye ne-aphrodisiac, igama elithi 'avocado' lingahle lisuselwe egameni elithi Aztec 'ahuacatl' elisho 'testicle'.
I-avocado iyisithelo esingaphansi, esinezakhi zomzimba ezinesikhumba esiluhlaza kanye nepayipi elilodwa elilukhuni. Inyama eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ekhanyayo enemibala eluhlaza iqukethe i-fibre yokudla (ephakeme kunazo zonke izithelo), amanoni angama-monounsaturated namavithamini angaphezu kwama-20. Ama-Avocados aqukethe i-folate, i-Vitamin K, i-pantothenic acid ne-zethusi kanye ne-6% yenani lansuku zonke le-Vitamin E, i-4% yamavithamini C nama-carotenoids: i-lutein ne-zeaxanthin.
Ama-Avocados adliwa kakhulu asha kanti angacutshungulwa ukuze kukhiqizwe uwoyela ongahluziwe we-mono-unsaturated, i-avocado pulp, esetshenziswa kakhulu ukulungisa i-guacamole futhi ingagawulwa futhi ibe yizicucu futhi iqandwe ngokushesha.
Ukukhiqizwa kwama-Avocado
Umuthi we-avocado okhula ngokushesha umuthi omnyama, ohlala ulungele izimo ezipholile nezinomswakama zezimo zezulu eziphansi. Isihlahla siyazwela ekubandakanyekeni kwesithwathwa nokubandakanyeka kwamanzi - imvula yonyaka eyi-1 000 mm ifiselekile.
Izimbali ezingama-200 - 300 zezimbali eziphuzi ezihlaza okwesibhakabhaka ziyavela ezinyangeni zasehlobo futhi zihanjiswa ngempova yizinyosi namahlumela, kepha yizimbali ezimbili noma ezintathu kuphela ezima izithelo.
Ama-Avocados awavuthwa esesihlahleni futhi kufanele akhethwe lapho sikhulu futhi sikhule ngokugcwele. Izovuthwa kungakapheli isonto elilodwa noma amabili okushisa kwegumbi futhi akumele igcinwe emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka-5.5°C. Ukuvula kabusha kungalawulwa ngokulondolozwa komkhathi nokulawulwa kokuhamba.
Umlando we-Avocado
I-avocado kucatshangwa ukuthi yaqhamuka eMexico ukusuka lapho ukulima kungenzeka kwasakazekela eningizimu kudabula eMelika Ephakathi kuya ePeru bese kuye eWest Indies. Ukwethulwa kwayo emhlabeni wonke kungenzeka kwalungiswa ngabathengisi baseYurophu cishe ngo-1519.
Ngokufanayo, kukholakala ukuthi izithombo zokuqala ze-avocado zalethwa eNingizimu Afrika ngabathengisi noma abafuduki bokuqala. Ukusatshalaliswa kwemifino kwama-avocados kwaqala eMelika ngawo-1890s kwathi okokuqala kwaqala amasimu okuthengisa kwa-Israyeli ngo-1908, lapho kwakhiwa izitshalo zokuqala: Fuerte noDickinson, batshalwa ngo-1924.
Umlando Wokukhiqizwa kwa-Avocado eNingizimu Afrika
Ukukhiqizwa kwama-avocados eNingizimu Afrika kwaqala ngawo-1930 nguDkt Hans Merensky owasungula izihlahla zokugcina ukwatapheya eWestfalia Estate eSifundazweni saseLimpopo. Lesi sigaba sobuchwepheshe sale nkampani: iWestfalia Technological Services (WTS), manje sesibe yinhlangano enkulu yocwaningo lwezithelo ezisezingeni eliphansi emhlabeni jikelele.
ISouth African Avocado Growers Association (SAAGA) yasungulwa ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1960 ukwenza ngcono ukukhiqizwa nokukhangiswa kwama-avocados. Ubulungu be-SAAGA babatshali abangaphezu kuka-500 buyingaphezulu kwama-95% omkhiqizo othengisa ukwatapheya eSouth Africa.
Umkhakha we-avocado waseNingizimu Afrika ukhule kusuka kuma-2 000 ha ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1970 kuya kuma-12 000 ha ngonyaka ka-2003. NgoJanuwari ka-2019, kwakotshwe amahektare angaba ngu-17 500 eSouth Africa lapho kwakhula okungenani amahektha ayi-1 000 kuya kuma-1 500 amahektha ngonyaka.
Translated by Nsika Khoza