Isiqhamo esisetyenziswa kwizinto ezininzi kwaye esine sondlo, i-avocado ziveliswa kwisimo sezulu esifumileyo, kwimimandla enemithi enamagqabi yeli lo Mzantsi Afrika, ingakumbi iLimpopo kunye ne Mpumalanga kwinyanga ka March ukuya ku September.
Yintoni i-Avocado
I-Avocado (Persea Americana) ikwaziwa njenge ‘alligator pear’, aguacate ne palta nge Spanish, okanye avocado ngolwimi lwesibhulu (Afrikaans). Inikezwa udumo yi ancient Central American civilasations ngenxa yokunikeza isondlo, nokunyusa umdla wocantsi, eligama lithi ‘avocado’ kungenzeka okokuba lifumaneka kwigama elithi Aztec ‘ahuacatl’ elibhekisa ‘kwisende’.
I-avocado sisiqhamo ezikhula ehlathini, sinesondlo kakhulu, inesikhumba esiluhlaza ngombala kunye ne pete enye eqinileyo. Umphakathi ophantse waluhlaza ukuya kuba phantse mhlophe ontubululu une fibre elungele impilo (eyona yayikhe yaphezulu ukodlula ezinye iziqhamo), monosaturated fat, kunye nezinongo ezingapha kwama 20. I-avocado zikwanayo ne folate, vitamin K, pantothenic acid ne copper kunye no 6% ekufanele wonke ubani amfumane mihla le ka vitamin E, 4% ka vitamin C ne carotenoids: lutein ne zeaxanthin.
I-avocado zityiwa zihlaza kwaye zingenziwa nanjani na ukuze zinikeze umgangatho ophezulu we mono-unsaturated oil, impuphu ye avocado, ethi isetyenziswe kakhulu ekwenzeni iguacamole kwaye inganqunqwa ibezintwana-ntwana kwaye ikhenkceziswe.
Imveliso ye Avocado
Umthi we avocado othi ukhawuleze ukukhula udeki, uhlala uhlaza yaka, ulungele isimo esipholileyo kunye nemeko ezifumileyo kwindawo ezine simo sezulu esomileyo. Lomthi awudibani nekhephu noxinzelelo olwenziwa ngamanzi – uthanda imvula engama 1 000 mm ngonyaka.
Iziqhuma ezingama 200 – 300 zentyatyambo ezityeli-luhlaza ziyavela ehlotyeni kwaye zingcoliswa zinyosi kunye nezinambuzane ezizulayo, kodwa zizityalo ezimbini okanye ezintathu kwisiqhamo.
I-avocado azithambi zisesemthini kwaye kufuneka zikhiwe xa zinkulu kwaye sele zikhule ngokwaneleyo. Zivuthwa ngeveki enye okanye ezimbini kwindawo enobushushu kwaye akufunekanga zigcinwe kubushushu obungaphantsi ku 5.5℃. ukuvuthwa kungalawulwa ngokuthi kulawulwe ubushushu kwindawo ezifakwe kuyo naxa zihanjiswa ngesithuthi.
Imvelaphi ye Avocado
I-avocado kucingwa intsusa yayo ise Mexico apho izilimo kukrokreleka okokuba zathi zanonela ngase mazantsi ukunqumla eCentral America ukuya ePeru, emveni koko kwi West Indies. Ukwaziswa kwayo kwihlabathi kukrokreleka okokuba kwenziwa ngabathengisi base Europe ngeminyaka yama 1519.
Ngokufanayo, kukholeleka okokuba isithole sokuqala se avocado saziswa eMzantsi Afrika ngabathengisi okanye ngama settler okuqala. Ukuhlwayelwa kwembewu ye avocado kwaqala eMelika ngeminyaka yama 1890 ze izityalo zokuqala zentengiso zaqalwa kwelase Esrael ngeminyaka yama 1908, izilimo zokuqala zanikezwa amagama:Fuerte ne Dickinson, zathi zatyalwa ngonyaka ka 1924.
Imvelaphi ye Mveliso ye Avocado eMzantsi Afrika
Imveliso ye avocado eMzantsi Afrika yaqala ngonyaka ka 1930 ngu Dr Hans Merensky owathi wango wokuqala ukutyala igadi ye avocado eWestfalia Estate kwiphondo lase Limpopo. Icandelo kule nkampani: WestfaliaTechnological Services (WTS), kule mihla yeyona nkampani eyenza uphando ngeziqhamo enikezwa inxaso yabucala emangalisayo.
I-South African Avocado Growers Association (SAAGA) yasekwa ekupheleni kweminyaka yama 1960 ukuphuhlisa imveliso nentengiso ye Avocado. I-SAAGA inamalungu angapha kwama 500 wabavelisi, kwaye ama 95% we avocado yeli lo Mzantsi Afrika ithengiselwa amazwe angaphandle.
Intengiso ye avocado eMzantsi Afrika yakhula ukususela kuma 2000 ha ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo 1970 ukuya ku 12 000 ha ngonyaka ka 2003 ngo January ka 2019, kwabakho ama 17 500 ha ezityalwe kwelo Mzantsi Afrika nokongezeleka okuqikelelwa kuma 1 000 ha ukuya kuma 1 500 ha ezityalwa ngonyaka.
Translated by Zikhona Plaatjie