Tholwana e sebediswang ka mekgwa e fapaneng ebile e le phepo e ntle, avocado e hlahiswa dibakeng tse mongobo, tsa Subtropic tsa Afrika Borwa, haholo diprofenseng tsa Limpopo le Mpumalanga ka dikgwedi tsa Tlhakubele ho ya ho Lwetse.
Avocado ke Eng?
Avocado (Persea americana) e boetse e tsejwa e le alligator pear, aguacate le palta ka puo ya Spanish, kapa avokado ka Afrikaans. E roriswa ke tswelopele ya kgale ya bohareng ba Amerika ka lebaka la phepo le makgabane a eketsang takatso ya thobalano, lebitso lena ‘avocado’ le ka nna la tswa lentsweng la Aztec ‘ahuacatl’ le bolelang ‘lekwalata’.
Avocado ke tholwana ya sebaka se futhumetseng, e ruileng ka dimatlafatsi e le letlalo le letala e nang le peo e le nngwe e thata. Bokahare ba yona bo botala bo hlakileng ho ya ho bosweu bo lebejana ebile bo le sereledi bo na le fibre (e hodimo ho feta tholwana efe kapa efe), mafura a monounsaturated le divithamin tse fetang tse 20. Avocado e na le folate, vithamin K, pantothenic acid le koporo hammoho le 6% ya molemo wa letsatsi le letsatsi o kgothaleditsweng wa vithamin E, 4% bakeng sa vithamin C le carotenoids: lutein le zeaxanthin.
Hangata avocado e jowa e le ntjha mme e ka sebetswa ho hlahisa oli e monounsaturated, mofutswelo wa avocado, o sebediswang haholo ho etsa guacamole mme e ka nna ya sehwa dikotwana ya hwamiswa sehatsetsing potlako.
Tlhahiso ya Avocado
Sefate se holang potlako sa avocado ke sefate se teteaneng, se dulang se le setala se tshwanelwa ke boemo ba lehodimo bo phodileng le ho ba mongobo maemong a futhumetseng a lehodimo. Sefate sena se thefulwa habonolo ke serame le kgaello ya metsi - pula ya selemo le selemo ya 1 000 mm e a hlokeha.
Sehlotshwana sa 200-300 sa dipalesa tse bosehla bo botala se hlaha dikgweding tsa lehlabula mme peo ya tsona e tsamaiswa ke dinotshi le dikokwanya tsa dipalesa, empa ke dipalesa tse pedi kapa tse tharo feela tseo ebang ditholwana.
Avocado ha e butswe e ntse e le sefateng mme e lokela ho kgolwa ha e le kgolo mme e hodile ka botlalo. E tla butswa nakong ya beke kapa tse pedi ka themphereitjhara ya phaposi eo e leng ho yona mme e se ke ya bolokwa ho themphereitjhara e ka tlase ho 5.5˚C. Ho butswa ho ka laolwa ka polokelo ya moya e laolwang le sepalangwang sa teng.
Nalane ya Avocado
Ho nahanwa ha avocado e simolohile Mexico moo temo e atetseng borwa ho haola le Amerika bohareng ho ya peru mme ya ya West Indies. Ho iswa ha yona lefatsheng lohle ho ile ha ntshetswa pele ke bahwebi ba Yuropa ka 1519.
Ka ho tshwanang, ho dumelwa ha sethopo sa pele sa avocado se tlisitswe Afrika Borwa ke bahwebi kapa bajaki ba pele. Ho lengwa ha avocado ho qadile Amerika dilemong tsa 1890 mme masimo a pele a kgwebo a qadilwe Israel ka 1908, ka dimela tse reuweng mabitso a pele: Fuerte le Dickinson, tse lenngweng ka 1924.
Nalane ya Tlhahiso ya Avocado Afrika Borwa
Tlhahiso ya avocado Afrika Borwa e qadilwe dilemong tsa 1930 ke Dr Hans Merensky ya thehileng masimo a avocado Westfalia Estate e profenseng ya Limpopo. Lekala la k’hamphani ena la tekgniki: Westfalia Technological Services (WTS), e se e le mokgatlo o moholo ka ho fetisisa wa diphuputso ka ditholwana tsa subtropic o tsheheditsweng ka ditjhelete tseo eseng tsa mmuso.
South African Avocado Growers Association (SAAGA) e thehilwe pheletsong ya dilemo tsa 1960 ho ntlafatsa tlhahiso le papatso ya avocado. Botho ba SAAGA ba dihwai tse fetang 500 bo etsa 95% ya tlhahiso ya avocado ya Afrika Borwa e romelwang kantle ho naha.
Indasteri ya avocado ya Afrika Borwa e hodile ho tloha ho dihektara tse 2 000 mathwasong a dilemo tsa 1970 ho ya ho dihektara tse 12 000 ka 2003. Ka Pherekgong 2019, ho ne ho lenngwe dihektara tse ka bang 17 500 Afrika Borwa ka tebello ya kgolo ya bonyane dihektara tse 1 000 ho ya ho 1 500 tse lengwang selemo le selemo.
Translated by Sebongile Sonopo