I-hemp - (Cannabis sativa) sitjalo esenza izinto ezahlukahlukeneko esele sitjalwe ephasini loke iminyakanyaka ekubalwa ngeminyaka yabo-20th century. Ngeminyaka yabo-1930 ukuya eminyakeni yama-40 sele ukutjalwa kwayo kwehla ngebanga lomthetho okhabe ungavumeli kobana kusetjenziswe imikhiqizo ye-hemp.
Imithiya ye-hemp, isetjenziselwa ukwenza amatjhila aqinileko, izinto zokwakha kanye nembapiri. Imbewu ze-hemp zimumethe amaleveli aphezulu wama-antioxidant, ama-fatty acids, amaminerali kanye namavithamini lokha istjalwesi ngokwaso sirhelebha ukuzinzisa ihlabathi. Lokha amafutha we-hemp, adoswa embewini nanyana emethiralini westjalo, asetjenziswa ekudleni, entweni zokutlhogomela iskhumba, emabubulweni kanye nenhlahleni.
Yini I-Hemp?
I-hemp isetjenziswa emabubulweni kanye nesango, zintjalo ezingafaniko kodwana zomndeni munye, Cannabis sativa. I-Hemp inamazinga aphasi we-euphoric cannabinoid tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) kanye namazinga aphezulu we-cannabidiol (CBD). I-Hemp itlhadlhulwa njengencenye enye nenye yestjalo se-cannabis lapha kune-THC engaphasi kwe-0.3% (w/w). Ngebanga leleveli ephasi ye-THC, i-hemp ayidaki njengesango. I-CBD, etholakala ku-hemp kanye nesangweni, ziyihlanganisela esetjenziselwa ukwelapha amalwelwe afana nokutsirimezeka kanye nobulwelwe be-Parkinson.
I-hemp stjalo esikhula msinya, esikhula siye phezulu esibanamakari amahlanu ukuya kwalikhomba. Stjalo esenza okunengi semithiya kanye nembewu. Umthiya we-hemp usetjenziselwa ukwenza amatjhila, imbapiri, irobhu kanye ne-biofuel, imbewu yayo isetjenziswa babantu, isetjenziswe godu nanjengokudla kwenlwane. Imbewu yayo isetjenziswa njengamafutha aregileko we-omega asetjenziselwa ukumanzisa, asetjenziselwe ipende, i-ink, itjhwaratjhwara kanye nemikhiqizo yezobuhle efana nama-shampoo kanye nensibha. Umkhiqizo osele nakwenziwa intwezo nge-hemp uzele ngamaprotheyini begodu ungasetjenziswa njengokudla kwefuyo nanyana njengeflowura ezele amaprotheyini ye-hemp engadliwa babantu.
Umkhiqizo Wephasi We-Hemp
Inarha ekhamba phambili ngokukhiqiza I-hemp langena kwazo zoke eSewula Africa yinarha ye-China. Begodu kuthiwa ukusetjenziswa kwayo ephasini kwathoma enarheni leyo ngeminyaka yabo-300 A.D. begodu ukutjalwa kwe-hemp ngomgcopho wokwenza inzuzo kwaragela phambili ngaphambi kokobana batjhwenywe ngezomthetho. Gade inarha ye-China iyisebenzisa njengokudla khulu kanye nomthiya, isetjenziselwa nokwenza amatjhila. Kubalelwa kobana inarha ye-China sele inamahekuthara ayi-100 000 we-hemp.
Umkhiqizo we-hemp e-Canada sele ukhuphuke nge-80% kusukela hlangana konyaka ka-2016 kanye newaka-2017 ukuya ku-56% wamahekuthara. Inarha ye-Canada igcile ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo ye-hemp esefana namafutha, amapuyera wamaprotheyini we-hemp kanye nembewu ye-hemp. Inarha ye-United States sele imikhiqizo ye-hemp ikhuphuke yaziphindaphinda kathathu, kusukela ngeskhathi kwaphasiswa umthetho wabalimi i-'Farm Bill' ngonyaka ka-2018, okhabe uvumela bona abalimi abalima ngomqcopho wokwenza inzuzo kobana bayitjale i-hemp. Ukukhiqizwa kwamafutha we-CBD nekumkhiqizo okhamba phambili enarheni ye-USA.
Umkhiqizo we-hemp enarheni ye-Canada wakhuphuka nge-80% hlangana konyaka ka-2016 kanye no-2017 ukuya emahekuthareni ayi-56 000. I-Canada igcile ekwenzeni amafutha wayo, amapuyera kanye nembewu ye-hemp kusukela kwaphasiswa umthetho i-2018 Farm Bill, egade ivumela ukutjalwa kwe-hemp ngmgcopho wokwenza inzuzo. Umkhiqizo wamafutha we-CBD ngiwo okhamba phambili e-USA.
Ezinye iinarha ezikhamba phambili ngokukhiqiza i-hemp ephasini yi-France, lokha e-Chile yavuma kobana ingazitjalela yona kanye ne-North Korea. I-North Korea itjala i-hemp ngobunengi, kodwana nange bakuthola bona ubhema isango ungajeziswa nangokubulawa.
Imikhawulo Yokulima Nge-Hemp
ESewula Africa, ekutjala i-hemp sele kuwela ngaphasi komthetho we-cannabis njeke sele ibonwa njengesitjalo esilawulwako - okungakahluki nesango, kutjho u-Gill Staniland olilunga le-Cannabis Industry Development Cooperative of the Western Cape (CIDCWC). I-CIDCWC yihlangano ekhulumela imithetho okuya ngokwesayensi kanye nelwazi lentjalo ze-cannabis kanye nemikhiqizo.
AkusiseSewula Africa kwaphela lapha ukukhiqizwa kwe-hemp kungakavunyelwa khona, unobangela kungasi ngebanga lokungatlhogomeli kwakarhulumende kwaphela. Iimfundo ezenziwe e-Canada zatjhiqilelwa ngonyaka ka-2015, sele zitjengise imikhawulo embalwa ezombeleze ukulungiswa kwe-hemp. Hlangana nayo kubalwa ukungathandwa kwayo mphakathi, imithetho eyikhandela khulu kanye nokungarhoni kwayo kubona isetjenziselwe ngethekunoloji.
Enarheni ye-USA, umkhiqizo we-hemp awukavumeleki ngebanga lemithetho ebekwe ngurhulumende, njeke akusisemthethweni ukukhiqizwa kwe-hemp. Amanye amafekutha enza kobana kube budisi ukurhweba nge-hemp yi-insurace, ukusekelwa ngokwemmali kokutjalwa kwe-hemp kanye netlhogakalo yembewu. Abatjali be-US bathumela iimbewu ze-hemp ukusukela e-Europe bezise e-Canada.
Translated by Busisiwe Prudance Skhosana