I-Hemp (i-Cannabis sativa) yisitshalo sasendulo esiguquguqukayo esiye satshalwa emhlabeni wonke iminyaka eyinkulungwane kubandakanya maphakathi nekhulu lama-20. Ngawo-1930s kuya kuma-40s ukulinywa kwawo kwehle kakhulu ngenxa yomthetho owenqabela ukulima i-hemp nanoma yikuphi ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo ye-hemp.
Imicu ye-Hemp isetshenziselwa izindwangu eziqinile, izinto zokwakha kanye nephepha. Imbewu ye-Hemp iqukethe amazinga aphezulu ama-antioxidants, okunamafutha acid, amaminerali, namavithamini ngenkathi isitshalo uqobo sisiza ukuqinisa inhlabathi. Ngenkathi i-hemp kawoyela, ekhishwa emvinini noma entweni yesitshalo, isetshenziswa ekudleni, e-skincare, ngezinhloso zezimboni nakwezokwelapha.
Yini uHemp
I-Industrial hemp nensangu (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-'dagga') ziyizinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zohlobo olufanayo, i-Cannabis sativa. I-Hemp inokugxila okuphansi kwe-euphoric cannabinoid tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) nokugxila okuphezulu kwe-cannabidiol (CBD). I-Hemp ichazwa njengengxenye yesitshalo se-cannabis lapho ukuqoqwa kwe-THC kungu-0.3% (w / w) noma ngaphansi. Ngenxa yamazinga aphansi we-THC, i-hemp ayinayo imiphumela emibi yensangu. I-CBD, ekhona kuzo zombili izingqinamba ze-hemp nezensangu, iyindawo esetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo zezokwelapha ezinjengesifo sokuwa nesifo sikaParkinson.
I-Hemp ingamakhambi akhula ngokushesha, aqondile anamaqabunga aqukethe amapheshana amahlanu kuya kwayisikhombisa. Isitshalo esiguquguqukayo esakhelwe i-fibre nembewu yaso. I-Hemp fibre isetshenziselwa ukwenza izindwangu, iphepha, izintambo, ukufakwa kanye ne-biofuel ngenkathi imbewu ye-hemp isetshenziselwa ukudla komuntu nezilwane. Imbewu futhi isetshenziselwa ukukhipha uwoyela we-hemp ocebile we-hemp osetshenziselwa izithako, upende, izinki, amapulasitiki kanye nemikhiqizo yezimonyo enjengama-shampoos nezinsipho. Umkhiqizo wemfucuza we-oil isizinda (ikhekhe lembewu le-hemp) ucebile ngamaprotheni futhi ungasetshenziselwa ukudla kwezilwane noma uvuselelwe kufulawa le-hemp ephezulu enezithelo zabantu.
Ukukhiqizwa KweHemp Emhlabeni Jikelele
Umkhiqizi ophezulu we-hemp emhlabeni ubelokhu eyiChina. Eqinisweni, ukusetshenziswa kokuqala okuqoshiwe kwe-hemp kwakuseChina ngonyaka ka-300 A.D. futhi ukulima kwe-hemp yezohwebo kuqhubekile ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa ngumthetho. Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwe-hemp eChina kwakuwukudla nefayibha (ngezindwangu) futhi kwasiza isizwe ukuba sisinde ngesikhathi sokudla. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi iChina inamahektha angaphezu kuka-100 000 we-hemp.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-hemp yaseCanada kukhuphuke ngo-80% phakathi kuka-2016 no-2017 kuya kuma-56 000 ha. I-Canada igxila ekukhishwe i-oyela, ama-hempled powders kanye nembewu ye-hempl ye-hulled (izinhliziyo ze-hemp). I-United States iphindaphindeke kathathu ukukhiqizwa kwayo kwe-hemp selokhu kudlula uMthethosivivinywa Wezolimo wase-2018, ukuvumela ukulinyelwa kwe-hemp. Ukukhiqizwa kwamafutha e-CBD kungumkhiqizo oyinhloko wokukhiqizwa kwe-hemp yase-USA.
Abanye abakhiqizi abaphezulu be-hemp emhlabeni yiFrance (engakaze ivinjelwe), iChile (ukulinywa kwangasese kuvunyelwe) kanye neNyakatho Korea (engakaze ivinjelwe). I-North Korea ikhula nge-hemp ngezinga lezimboni, kepha ukungenwa kwensangu cannabis kungajeziswa ngokufa.
Izinkinga Ekulimeni KweHemp
E-Ningizimu Afrika, ukulima i-hemp kusawela ngaphansi komthetho we-cannabis ngakho-ke kusabhekwa njengento elawulwa - engafani nensangu, kusho uGill Staniland osungula ilungu leCannabis Industry Development Cooperative of the Western Cape (CIDCWC). I-CIDCWC inhlangano evikela imithetho enengqondo esekelwe kusayensi nolwazi lwamanje lwesitshalo se-cannabis nemikhiqizo yayo.
Akukhona lapha kuphela eNingizimu Afrika ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwe-hemp kuvinjelwe, yize kungengenxa yokungazi kukahulumeni. Ucwaningo lwaseCanada olushicilelwe ngonyaka ka-2015, luveze imikhawulo eminingana ezungeze ukwenziwa kwe-hemp. Lokhu kufaka imicabango emibi yomphakathi, izidingo zomthetho ezivinjelwe ngaphezulu kanye namakhono anganele ezobuchwepheshe.
E-USA, ukukhiqizwa kukhawulelwe ukubanjwa okusemthethweni nakwamanye amazwe ayisishiyagalolunye ase-US, ukukhiqizwa kwe-hemp akukakabi semthethweni. Ezinye izinto ezinomkhawulo umshuwalense, imali yokufuya i-hemp kanye nokunikezwa kwembewu. Abalimi baseMelika bathumela imbewu evela eYurophu naseCanada.
Translated by Nsika Khoza