I-Hemp (Cannabis sativa) sisivuno sakudala esilungileyo elinywa kwilizwe jikelele iinkulungwane kuquka phakathi kwinkulungwane yama 20th. Ngeminyaka yama 1930s ukuya kuma 40s izinga lokulinywa kwayo lathi lehla kakhulu ngenxa yemithetho eyayingavumeli ukulinywa kwe hemp nokusetyenziswa kwemveliso zayo.
Amasebe we hemp asetyenziselwa iimpahla ezomeleleyo ezihlala ixesha elide, izixhobo zokwakha kunye namaphepha. Iinkozo ze hemp zinamazinga aphezulu we antioxidants, fatty acids, minerali, kunye ne vitamin ngexesha isityalo sona sinceda umhlaba uzinze. Nangona i-oli ye hemp ifunxwa kwinkozo okanye kwisityalo, isetyenziswa ekutyeni, esikhumbeni, kwintengiso nanje ngamayeza.
Yintoni I-Hemp
I-Hemp ethengiswayo kunye ne ntsangu (ekwaziwa njengo mya) zizivuno ezohlukileyo zohlobo olunye lwe Cannabis sativa. I-Hemp inezinga eliphantsi elenza umntu onwabe okanye azive onwabile ngenxa ye cannabinoid tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) kunye namazinga aphezulu we cannabidiol (CBD). Ihemp yaziwa njenge ngxenye yesityalo so-mya apho umlinganiselo we THC ingu 0.3% (w/w) okanye ngaphantsi. Ngenxa yamazinga aphantsi we THC, ihemp ayifani nentsangu ngokuphazamisa ingqondo. I-CBD, efumaneka kwi hemp nakwintsangu, isetyenziswa ukunyanga imeko zempilo ezifana nesifo soxhuzula nesifo iParkinson’s.
I-Hemp ikhula ngokukhawuleza, lichiza elikhula lijonge phezulu elinamagqabi amahlanu ukuya kwasi xhenxe. Sisityalo esingahluphiyo, esikhulisela amagqabi kunye nenkozo okanye iintanga. Ifibre ye hemp isetyenziswa ekwenzeni iimpahla, amaphepha, iintambo ezomeleleyo, ukuvala, kunye namafutha wemoto logama inkozo ze hemp zona zisetyenziswa ekutyeni kwabantu nezilwanyana. Iinkozo zisetyenziselwa ukufunxa i-oli ye hemp egcwele i-omega esetyenziswa kwi zithambisi, payinti yamadonga, i-inki, plastiki, kunye nemveliso zokuthambisa ezifana ne shampoo ne sepha. Okuseleyo emveni kokufunxa i-oli (ikhekhe elenziwe ngenkozo ze hemp) ligcwele iprotein kwaye lingasetyenziswa ekutyeni kwezilwanyana okanye icolwe ibengu mgubo we hemp ogcwele iprotein ukuze ityiwe luluntu.
Imveliso ye Hemp Kwilizwe Jikelele
Elona lizwe lihamba phambili kwimveliso ye hemp lilizwe lase China. Eneneni ushicilelo lokuqala lokusetyenziswa kwe hemp lwaluse China kunyaka wama 300 A.D. Kwaye ukutyalwa kwe hemp ethengiswayo kuye kwaqhubeka ngaphandle kophazamiswa yimithetho yolawulo. Owona msebenzi we Hemp kwelase China kukutya kunye ne fibre (ukwenza iimpahla) yanceda ilizwe linyamezele ngamaxesha ukutya kusekuncinci. Kuqikelelwa okukuba iChina inangapha kwama 100 000 we hektare we hemp.
Imveliso yase Canada yenyuka ngo 80% phakathi ko 2016 no 2017 ukuya ku 56 000 ha. Ilizwe lase Canada lijongene nokufunxwa kwe oli, imigubo ye protein ye hemp kunye nenkozo ezigutyiweyo (intliziyo ze hemp). Ilizwe lase United States liyiphinde kathathu imveliso yalo ye hemp ukusuka ngexesha kuwiselwa imithetho yefama ngonyaka ka 2018, ivumela intengiso yokulinywa kwe hemp. Imveliso ye-CBD oli yeyona mveliso yase USA ye hemp.
Abanye abavelisi abaphezulu be hemp elizweni yi France (ayizange yafumana izibheno), i-Chile (kuvumelekile ukuyilima macala) kunye ne North Korea (nayo zange yafumana isibheno). Ilizwe lase North Korea likhulisa ihemp kwintengiso, kodwa ukusetyeniziswa kwe ntsangu kungo hlwaywa ngokubulawa.
Izithinteli Ekulimeni i-Hemp
Kwelo Mzantsi Afrika, ukulinywa kwe hemp kuse phantsi komya okanye intsangu ngokomthetho yiyo lonto isaziwa njengokuba iyalawuleka - ayina mehluko kwi ntsangu, utsho uGill Staniland ongumseki we Cannabis Industry Development Cooperative of the Western Cape (CIDCWC). I-CIDCWC yinkampani elwela imithetho ngokwe sayensi nolwazi lwesityalo kunye nemveliso zayo.
Kuse Mzantsi Afrika apho imveliso ye hemp inemithetho yolawulo khona, ingakumbi hayi kuba urhulumente akakhathali. Izifundo zase Canada ezashicilelwa ngonyaka ka 2015, zachaza izithinteli ezingqunga ukulungiswa kwe hemp. Ezi ziquka intetha ezingezizo zoluntu, imithetho engapha kwemfuneko kunye nokungabinaso isakhono sezochwepheshe.
Kwelase USA, imveliso ilawulwa yimithetho ethi ilibaziseke kwidolophu ezilithoba zase US, imveliso ye hemp ayikabikho semthethweni. Ezinye iingxaki ezizithinteli yi insurensi, izimali zokuxhasa ihemp kunye nembewu. Amafama wase US athenga iinkozo ze hemp e-Europe nase Canada.
Translated by Zikhona Plaatjie