Ukutjalwa
Ukutjalwa kwebilibili kwenziwa ngembewu.Indlela Yokuyitjala
Imbewu ingatjalwa phasi ehlabathini kodwana abalimi abavamisi ukwenza njalo. Imbewu ithoma itjalwe emibhedeni yehlabathi nanyana kumatreyi wembewu eendaweni ezivikelekileko nanyana kuma-greenhouses. Imbewu lokha nayimilako, kwenzeka enye. Lokha sele kwenzeke ezinye iimbewu nanyana amaplantjhisi nekumasenthimitha ayi-15+ ngobude, sele amade ngokwaneleko begodu aqine ngokwaneleko atjalwa emasimini avulekileko nanyana ku-greenhouse elungiselelweko.Ukusetjenziswa kokuvalwa kweentjalo / mulching ngokungasebenzisi amakhemikhali nanyana itjhwaratjhwara emareyini wesitjalo kuphungula umhamuko, kulawula ikhula begodu kufuthumeza amazinga wokutjhisa kwehlabathi.
Iinkhala
Imithi emincani yehlukaniswa ngeenkhundla ezimasenthimitha ayi-30, emareyini amasenthimitha ayi-50, yenza iinkhundla ngemva kwamareyi amabili ukwenzela bona imitjhini kanye nabasebenzi bakghone ukukhambakhamba, nelanga likghone ukungena. Iintjalo ezikuluzihlukaniseke ngamasentimitha ayi-50 emareyini ayi-60 ukuya ku-75 yamasenthimitha. lokhu kutlhoga bona iintjalo eziyi-20 000 kuya ku-50 000 i-hectare ngayinye, kuya ngeenkhundla kanye nomhlobo we-pepper.Isikhathi Sokuvuna
Ebhodulukweni eliviikelekileko elifana naku-green house nanyana lada ebusika kanye nemazingeni womtjhiso wetwasahloboukuvunwa kwembewu yebilibili kungathoma ngoVelabahlinze. Lokha wenza utjala ngaphandle utjala imbewu ehlabathini kutjalwa lada ngoRhoboyi kanye nangoSinyikhaba ukwenzela bona kudlula ubujamo bezulu obumakhaze betwasahlobo.Isikhathi Sokutjala
Ngemva kweemveke ezisithandathu ngemva kokutjala imbewu yebilibili iinhlumaya zingadluliselwa nanyana zitjalwe hlangana namasenthimitha ayi-15 kuya ku-20 ngesilinganiso. Khetha iintjalo esele ziqinileko kwaphela, ulinge ukukhetha iintjalo ezilinganako ngobukhulu. Lokhu kungenzeka lada ngoJuni lokha ubujamo bezulu sele buthoma ukufuthumala ukuya phakathi kwakaSinyikhaba. Ukutjala kungenziwa nakuphela isiruthwana ekupheleni kwakaNovemba kwaphela ubujamo bezulu nabungasimakhaza.Isikhathi Sokukhula
Kungathatha iimveke ezilisumi nasithandathu ukuvuna ibilibili ukusukela embewini ukuya ebilibilini lokuthoma elihlaza esele lilungele ukungavunwa. Ibilibili elifretjhi lithatha iinyanga ezilihlanu ukuya kwezisithandathu, nangabe isitjalo siliselwa ukuvunwa kwebilibili eyomileko kungathatha iimveke ezisithandathu ukuya kwezibunane ukusuka lokha lisese yimbewu ukuya nasele litjaliwe. Ibilibili eyomileko ebomvu ingakhiqizwa eendaweni lapha kutjhisa khona, begodu nalapha kunganazulu khona nakulibilibili elomela emthini.Ukuvundiswa
Kuhlala lumbono omuhle ukobana ihlabathako ihlolwe kuhle yi-extension service yakho nanyana umyelelisi ngezokondleka kwehlabathi, ngaphambi kokobana uthome ukutjala. Ongakulandela ukuvundisa ibilibili lakho nginakhu okulandelako: Qiniseka bona ihlabathako ipetwe kuhle yaleveliwa. Lokha ulima kokugcina,okwenza nge-disc plough nanyana i-rotavator faka isivundisi ngaphambi kokobana utjale esihlangana ne-500 kuya ku-800 yamakhilogramu we-2:3:4 (30) emvangweni we-Nitrogen, Phosphates and Potassium) ehlabathini emasenthimitha ayi-20 wehlabathi. Nangabe usebenzisa i-drip irrigation, kuqhono ukusebenzisa isivundisi esimamanzi eemvekeni zokuthoma ezine, zokutjala ngemva kwalokho usifake kuze kufike isikhathi sokuvuna kwebilibili lokuthoma elihlaza.Nawusebenzisa i-sprinkler nanyana i-flood irrigation faka i-250 kg ye-LAN i-hectare ngayinye ngemva kweemveke ezisithandathu utjalile. Ukufaka kwesibilokhu kungahlukaniswa kabili ngokufaka i-150 kg eemvekeni ezisithandathu neemvekeni ezibunane ngemva kokutjala.
Ukuthelelela
Ngemva kokutjala faka amanzi angaba yi-15mm qobe veke eemvekeni zokuthoma ezintathu ngemva kalokho thelelela hlangana kwa-30 kuya ku-40 mm ngeveke aze akhule, Uyeleliswa bona ufake ama-moisture tension meter ukuhlola mazinga wobuwe. Imirabhu eminengi isehlabathini esekuthomeni eku-40 cm, njeke kungasetjenziswa irharafu nanyana i-auger ukuhlola ihlabathi.Indlela yokuthelelela ekhamba phambili ngeyokusebenzisa i-drip irrigation ngombana ipha umlimi ilawulo lokuthelelela nelokuvundisa iintjalo. I-muching nayo ilawula ikhula begodu iphungula ukulahleka kwamanzi. I-Flood irrigation, ingarholela ehlabathini ezele amanzi khulu nanyana eyomileko, okwenza bona kube budisi ukuyilawula. I-Overhead irrigation ingabanga iinkowani nokubola.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana