I-hemp - mhlobo ophasi we-Cannabis sativa onamazinga aphasi we-cannabinoid THC - ipholinethiwa ngomoya, sitjala samakari adege ane-taproot. Sitjalelwa umkhiqizo wayo womthiya omude ukwenza amatjhila, imbewu ye-hemp ukwenza amafutha nezinye iinsetjenziswa.
Ngaphasi kwamazinga aphezulu, i-hemp imila hlangana namalanga amathathu ukuya kwamahlanu. Ikhula msinya khulu, ngokuvamileko idinga amalanga angaba yi 120 ukukhula, begodu ibhederisa amazinga wotjhiso afuthumeleko nakhanyako. Imbewu evelako ne-biomass (isiqu namakari) ziphasi lokha amazinga wotjhiso nakapholileko nalokha kumnyama.
I-hemp kusitjalo esikhipha umkhiqizo ophezulu ongakhupha amafutha amanengi ukudlula amandongomani ngokubuyelelwe kane ukudlula imithi ye-paper pulp enarheni enobukhulu obufanako. I-hemp ingabuye ilinywe-hydroponically (okuyindlela yokulima ngokusebenzisa amanzi nezakhamzimba eziqakathekileko kwaphela, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ihlabathi).
Ukulungiselela I-Hemp Ihlabathi
I-hemp ikhula kuhle ehlabathini emunya amanzi kuhle ene-pH ehlangana na 6 ne 70.5 nene-organic matter enengi - engaba yi 3.5% ubuncani. Ihlabathi edege, engamunyi kuhle amanzi eyidaka ayikafaneli begodu ihlabathi eyisanda idinga ukuniselwa khulu nokuvundisa kungaba nomthelela omumbi kwezomnotho.
Kuqakathekile ukulungisa indawo yokutjala imbewu, indawo eqinileko nelungileko ngiyo ehle khulu yokutjala imbewu ye-hemp uyifake itjhingele phasi ngahlangana ne 2-3 cm. I-hemp ayikhambelani nombethe lokha nayihlumako begodu idinga amanzi ngesikhathi seemveke ezisithandathu zokuthoma ngemva kokutjalwa.
Umanyoro we-hemp kufanele ususelwe ekuhlolisisweni kwehlabathi, kodwana ngokujayelekileko, ukungezelela i-nitrogen, i-potassium, i-phosphorus kunye ne-sulphur kuyayeleliswa. I-calcium kufuze ingadluli i-6 000 ppm.
Itjalwa Nini I-Hemp
Njengokutjho komnyango we-Agricultural Research Council’s industrial crops facility, i-hemp kusitjalo esisaba ilanga elitjhinga msinya. Ngokulandelako, ilanga ekutjalwa ngalo liyifektha eqakathekileko ekwenzeni ncono umthiya womkhiqizo we-hemp.
I-hemp idinga isikhathi sehlobo eside esifuthumeleko begodu nelanga elide elingaba hlangana nama-awara ayi 14 no 16. Isikhathi sokutjala esimsinya esifana nenyanga kaSewula ukuya kuSinyikhaba endaweni ye-Eastern neye-Western Cape kuletha umuphumela wokobana kumile iintjalo ezide ezikhupha umthiya omunengi. Amalanga amafitjhani abangela bona isitjalwesi siphume amathuthumbo msinya begodu kwehlise nokukhula kwamakari, okwenza bona umkhiqizo womthiya wehle.
Ukutjala I-Hemp Ebanzi
Iinkhala ezisemareyini kunye nesilinganiso sembewu (ingangani imbewu ekufanele itjalwe endaweni ethileko) kumafekthara aqakathekileko ekukhiqizeni i-hemp ngombana zinomthelela ekukhuleni, ekukhiqizeni i-biomass kunye nekukhupheni umthiya wesitjalo se-hemp, kuveza i-ARC. Isilinganiso esiphezulu sembewu kunye neenkhala ezincani hlangana namareyi kuzokukhiqiza iintjalo ezide ezikhulako ezizokukhiqiza umthiya omude kunye nembewu encani. Ububanzi nobudege bendawo yokutjala kubonakala ngemihlobo ye-hemp, ekumafutha, umthiya nofana imbewu. Isibonelo, ubudege bokukhiqiza imbewu yemihlobo eyenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukeneko emide ye-Europe mincazana kunemihlobo yembewu yamafutha we-hemp.
Iintjhabalalisi Namalwelwe We-Hemp
Ngokwemvelo kulula ukukhulisa i-hemp. Idinga iimbulalintjhabalalisi ezimbalwa njengombana ikhula msinya begodu idosa iintjhabalalisi ezimbalwa. Eqinisweni, isitjalwesi sibulala elinye ikhula, sihlwengise ihlabathi begodu silungele nokutjhintjhwatjhintjhwa kweentjalo, ngonobangela wesikhathi esincani sokuvuna esingaba malanga ayi 120.
I-hemp ingatjalwa njengesitjalo esitjhintjhatjhintjha indawo lapho sitjalwe khona ngokufanako njengeentjalo zamabhontjisi, ikoroyi kunye ne-lucerne ukuvikela i-pathogen nokwakhela kwamalwelwe. Irhubhululo e-Canada, liveze bona i-hemp kufanele ingatjalwa ngemva kwe-canola, iimbhontjisi zesoya nofana ujika nelanga ngonobangela wengozi ye-Sclerotinia ukubola kwesiqu (isirhoro esimhlophe).
Ukuvuna I-Hemp
Kulula ukuvuna i-hemp lokha nawuyivunela umthiya kunalokha nawuyivunela imbewu ye-hemp. Ukuvuna i-hemp uyivunela umthiya sele ikhulile, iindlela ezisetjenziswa lokha nakuvunwa iintjalo ezikudla kwefuyo ingasetjenziswa, ngokujayelekileko zisebenza kuhle ngaphandle kweemfakeleli ezinengi.
Isegera yokusika utjani ngiyo ekufanele kuhle ukuvuna i-hemp esetjenziselwa umthiya. Ukusetjenziswa kwesegera lokhu kutjhiya isiqu esisikiweko sisanamathele, silele kuhle begodu sipakeke ehlabathini. I-haybines ayisebenzi kuhle lokha nange isiqu sisabambeke ku-reel. Ungasiki ukutjhingela phasi ukudlula i-10 cm ngaphezulu kwehlabathi.
I-hemp (esetjenziselwa ukukhiqiza imbewu) ilungela ukuvunwa lokha ama-bracts wembewu nasele omile begodu imbewu nasele ibonakala. Umbethe uzokurhelebha ekambisweni yokomisa ngokujayelekileko, ukuvuna kuzokuthoma emalangeni ambalwa ngemva kombethe. Isivuno esine avareji engaba yi-750 kg/ha siyavunwa e-Canada.
Amaphemithi Wokukhulisa I-Hemp
Abalimi be-hemp eSewula Afrika bathenga imbewu eenarheni zangaphandle begodu badinga iphemithi ekhethekileko ebapha imvumo yokobana bangenise enarhemi yekhethu imbewu ebayithenge eenarheni zangaphandle njengombana ingenye ‘yezinto ezilawulwa mthetho’. Iimphemithi zembewu zikhutjhwa yi-Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF). Bavunyelwe ukutjala imbewu esemthethweni evunyelweko yemihlobohlobo ene-THC engaphasi kwe 0.1%. Imbewu itholakala eenarheni ze-Czech Republic, Spain, e-USA kunye ne-France.
Iphemithi yokukhulisa i-hemp eSewula Afrika ngalesi isikhathi yenziwa ngaphasi kwerhubhululo begodu ayifumaneki emkhiqizweni yekhaya ye-hemp. Abalimi abafuna ukulima i-hemp kufanele bathumele irhubhululo lesibawo nencwadi yabo yesibawo. Amaforomu weembawo ayatholakala ema ofisini we-South African Health Products Regulatory Authority (SAHPRA) begodu azokubiza imali engange-R902 (2019).
E-Canada, abalimi be-hemp abadinga imvumo yokulima i-hemp kufanele bathumele ama-GPS coordinates wamakhona wendawo ebayokukhiqizela kiyo i-hemp, umebhe wendawo yokukhiqiza i-hemp oveza amatswayo wenarha kunye neendlela, nemihlobo ye-hemp engakhuliswa kunye nesikhathi amapholisa azokuhlola ngaso.
Translated by Busisiwe Prudance Skhosana