I-Hemp - uhlobo oluphansi lwe-Cannabis sativa enezinga eliphansi le-cannabinoid THC - isitshalo esiveza umoya, isitshalo esibanzi sonyaka esibanzi esine-taproot. Kulinyelwa ekukhiqizeni kwawo imicu emide yezindwangu, imbewu ye-hemp yamafutha nokunye ukusetshenziswa.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, i-hemp iyaqhuma zingakapheli izinsuku ezintathu kuya kwezinhlanu. Ungumbhuli okusheshayo, ngokuvamile odinga izinsuku ezingaba ngu-120 zokuvuthwa, okungcono ngaphansi kwezimo ezifudumele nezikhanyayo. Isithelo sembewu kanye ne-biomass (isiqu namaqabunga) sincane ngaphansi kwesimo sezulu esimnyama nesipholile.
I-Hemp iyisitshalo esikhiqiza kakhulu esingakhiqiza uwoyela omningi ukwedlula amantongomane futhi isikulufu sephepha esilingana nesine kunezihlahla ezilingana nomhlaba. I-Hemp nayo ingalinywa nge-hydroponically (ukulima osebenzisa kuphela amanzi nezakhi ezibalulekile, hhayi inhlabathi).
Ukulungiselela Kwenhlabathi Ezosetshenziselwa I-Hemp
I-Hemp ikhula kahle emhlabathini osamanzi oshaywe kahle nge-pH ophakathi kuka-6 no-7.5 onenqwaba yezinto eziphilayo - okungenani u-3.5%. Inhlabathi yobumba eminyene, engakhishwa kahle ayifanele futhi isidingo somhlabathi onesihlabathi sokunisela okwengeziwe kanye nokufakwa komanyolo kungenzeka kube okungekho emthethweni.
Ukulungiselela izithombo kubalulekile; iqinile futhi ihamba kahle kakhulu ukuze utshale imbewu ye-hemp phakathi kuka 2 - 3cm ukujula. I-Hemp iyabhekelela ubandayo ngesikhathi sokuhluma futhi idinga amanzi emasontweni ayisithupha okuqala emva kokutshala.
Ukufakwa kwe-hemp kufanele kususelwe ekuhlaziyeni kwenhlabathi, kepha ngokuvamile, ukungezelelwa kwe-nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus nesibabule kuyalulekwa. I-calcium kufanele ingabi ngaphezu kuka-6 000 ppm
Isikhathi Esifaanele Sokutshala I-Hemp
Njengoba kushiwo yisikhungo sezilimo zezimboni zoMkhandlu Wezolimo, isitshalo se-hemp sinobude bude bosuku. Ngemuva kwalokho, usuku lokutshala luyinto ebalulekile yokwengeza ukukhiqizwa kwe-fibre hemp.
I-Hemp idinga ihlobo elide efudumele nobude bosuku obuphakathi kwama-14 no-16 amahora. Usuku lokutshala ngaphambi kwesikhathi olufana no-Okthoba kuya ku-Novemba eMpumalanga naseWestern Cape luzoholela ezitshalweni ezinde ezithela ngamanani aphezulu wefiber. Izinsuku ezimfushane zibangela ukuqhakaza kwezimbali kokuqala futhi kunciphise ukukhula kwamaqabunga, okudala ukudala ukukhiqizwa kwefayibha okuncishisiwe.
Ububanzi Bokutshala I-Hemp
Isilinganiso sokukhula kwesilinganiso se-Row kanye nezinga lokutshala imbewu (ukuthi zingaki imbewu okufanele uyihlwanyele endaweni ethile) yizici ezibalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwe-hemp ngoba kunomthelela ekukhuleni, ekukhiqizweni kwama-biomass kanye nesivuno se-fibre sesitshalo se-hemp, kusho i-ARC. Izinga eliphakeme lokuhlwanyela imbewu kanye nesikhala esincane phakathi kwemigqa kuzokhiqiza izitshalo ezikhula isikhathi eside ezizokhiqiza imicu emide nembewu encane. Ubungako bokutshala nobuningi bunqunywa luhlobo lwe-hemp, i.e. kawoyela, i-fibre noma imbewu. Isibonelo, imingcele yokukhiqiza imbewu yezilimo ezinde zase-Europe, ezinenhloso ezimbili zangaphansi kunangaphansi kwama-hemp.
Izinambuzane Nezifo Ezihlasela I-Hemp
I-Hemp kulula ukuyikhulisa ngokusebenza. Kudinga okumbalwa uma kukhona okubulala izinambuzane njengoba kukhula ngokushesha futhi kuheha izinambuzane ezimbalwa. Eqinisweni, isivuno sibulala ukhula oluthile, sihlanza inhlabathi futhi silungele ukuzungeza kwezitshalo, ngenxa yomjikelezo waso wokuvuna omfushane wezinsuku ezingama-120.
I-Hemp ingatshalwa njengesilimo esijikelezayo enezitshalo zokusanhlamvu ezifana nobhontshisi, ukolweni kanye ne-lucerne ukuvikela i-pathogen kanye nokwakheka kwezifo. Ucwaningo eCanada, noma kunjalo, luveze ukuthi i-hemp akufanele itshalwe ngemuva kwe-canola, ama-soya noma ama-sunflower ngenxa yobungozi be-Sclerotinia stem rot (isikhunta esimhlophe).
Ukuvuna I-Hemp
Ukuvuna i-hemp ye-fibre kulula kunokuvuna i-hemp yembewu ye-hemp. Ukuvuna i-hemp eklanyelwe i-fibre, izinsiza ezisetshenziselwa ukuvuna iziloba zamadlelo zingasetshenziswa, ngokuvamile ezisebenza kahle ngaphandle kokuguqulwa okukhulu.
Umshini wokugunda oqondile yiwo ofanele kakhulu ukuvuna i-hemp kwizicelo zezindwangu. Lokhu kusebenza kushiya ama-stem asikiwe kahle, ebekwe kahle futhi ihlelwe ngqo emhlabathini. Ama-haybines awasebenzi kahle njengoba iziqu ezinde zigoqeka ngemuva. Sika kungafushane kune-10 cm ngaphezu komhlabathi.
I-Hemp (yokukhiqiza imbewu) isilungele ukuvuna lapho amabhlogo wembewu esomile futhi imbewu iveziwe. I-Frost izosiza inqubo yokomisa futhi ngokuvamile, ukuvuna kuzoqala ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kwesithwathwa. Isilinganiso esiphakathi kwama-750 kg / ha siyatholakala eCanada.
Izimvume Zokukhula I-Hemp
Abalimi be-Hemp eNingizimu Afrika bangenisa imbewu futhi badinga imvume ekhethekile yokuvumela ukungenisa 'into elawulwa' Izimvume zembewu zikhishwa nguMnyango wezoLimo, amaHlathi kanye nezokudoba (i-DAFF). Bavunyelwe kuphela ukutshala imbewu eqinisekisiwe yezinhlobo ezivunyiwe ezinenani elingaphansi kwe-0,1% THC. Imbewu itholakala eCzech Republic, eSpain, e-USA naseFrance.
Imvume yokukhulisa i-hemp eNingizimu Afrika okwamanje yenziwa ngaphansi kwe-'cwaningo' futhi ayitholakali ekukhiqizeni i-hemp. Abalimi abalindelekile be-hemp kumele balethe iziphakamiso zocwaningo ngezicelo zabo. Amafomu okufaka isicelo angatholakala emahhovisi weSouth African Health Products Regulatory Authority (SAHPRA) futhi abize u-R902 (2019).
E-Canada, abalimi be-hemp abadinga imvume yokulima i-hemp kufanele banikeze izixhumanisi ze-GPS zamakona endawo yokukhiqiza i-hemp, imephu yendawo yokukhiqiza i-hemp ekhombisa izimpawu zomgwaqo kanye nemigwaqo, igama lezinhlobonhlobo ze-hemp okufanele zikhule kanye nesheke lokuphepha lamaphoyisa.
Translated by Nsika Khoza