I-Hemp (Cannabis sativa) sitjalo esenza okunengi esitjalelwa ukwenza amatjhila, umthiya, amafutha, begodu iyadliwa ivamise kobana kwenziwe iphoso ibonwe njengesidakamizwa ngebanga lokobana iyahlobana nesango i-(Cannabis indica).
I-Hemp yemabubulweni ikhiqizwa ngokusebenzisa i-Cannabis sativa L. emumethe ngaphasi kwe-0.1 - 0.3% ye-THC – ekumaleveli avumelekileko we-THC nakungahlukahlukeneko elizweni ngalinye. I-Hemp njeke, libizo lesitjalo se-cannabis esitjalwa ngomcopho wokobana singabi sidakamizwa.
Isango, i-hemp nanyana i-cannabis mabizo ajwayelekileko wesitjalwesi i-Cannabis. Cannabis imumethe ama-cannabinoids adlula ayi-110, ekubalwa hlangana nawo i-delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), ikhemikhali elidakako nelenza bona umkhumbulo ugijime elisesangweni. I-THC idume ngokubanga indlala, nokususa ubuhlungu kanye nokwenza bona abantu bathabe.
Inani le-cannabis lingunobangela wokobana, kungebanga lani ukukhiqizwa kwe-hemp kulawulwa ephasini loke. Nanyana kunjalo, iintjalo ze-hemp azikhiqizi i-THC ngokwaneleko kobana, ingadaka abantu.
I-Hemp kanye ne-Cannabinoids
I-Cannabinoids, itholakala emzimbeni womuntu, begodu iqakathekile ekobaneni umzimba usebenze. Kunezinto ezimakhemikhali ezakhiwa zintjalo (phytocannabinoids) begodu emzimbeni womuntu i-(endocannabinoids). Izakhezi, sele zihlangene nezinto ezibamba ama-cannabinoid emkhumbulweni, zenza incenye yesistimu ye-endocannabinoid emzimbeni womuntu. Isistimu yama-endocannabinoid alawula bekakhiphe ama-neurotramitters, arhelebha ubuhlungu begodu abandakanyeka ekusebenzeni kwehliziyo kanye negazi, nesistimu yokugaya ukudla kanye nokusebenza kwesibindi.
Ukufikela gadesi abathengi basese nekareko kwaphela ku-cannabinoids etholakala emathuthumbeni we-cannabis. I-Cannabidiol (CBD) kanye ne-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). I-CBD itholakala eencenyeni eziphezulu zesitjalo se-hemp kanye nemathuthumbeni we-hemp, begodu idoselwa ukukhiqiza amafutha aregileko we-CBD ngaphandle kokobana idake Bantu.
Hlangana namanye ama-cannabinoids kubalwa i-Cannabigerol (CBG), cannabichrome (CBC) kanye ne-cannabinol (CBN). Irhono lawo, lokusetjenziswa, lisafundwa, kodwana likhombisa irhonakalo lokobana lingasetjenziselwa ukwelapha amalwelwe wokuvuvuka, begodu lirhelebhe nangokuletha ubuthongo.
I-Hemp kanye Nomthetho
ESewula Africa i-hemp isabonwa njengesidakamizwa. Ilawulwa mnyango wezamaphilo. Lokha iinsetjenziswa ezihlobana nenhlanhla nanyana umthetho ohlobana ne-Medicine and Related Substances Act nekumthetho obandakanyeka ekulawuleni ukutjalwa kanye nokwenziwa kwezinye izinto nge-hemp eSewula Africa. Evumela ukutjalwa kwe-hemp enamazinga aphasi we-THC esetjenziswa emabubulweni ekhutjhwa yi-Director General yezepilo emthethwni i-Section 22A(9) (a) (i) ye-Medicines Act.
Kunemvume ezikhitjhwa yihlangano ye-South African Health Products Regulatory Authority (SAHPRA) ezijamele i-Medicines Control Council (MCC). SAHPRA eziwela ngaphasi komnyango wezepilo nanyana i-Department of Health ministry. Amafomu wokufakwa kembawo zokukhiqizwa kwe-hemp angatholwa ema-ofisini we-SAHPRA.
Imvume yokukhizwa kwe-hemp kusese ngeyokwenza irhubhululo kwaphela, okutjho bona ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo ye-hemp kusengakenziwa, nokutjhiwo ngu-Gill Staniland, omsunguli nelunga le-Cannabis Industry Development Cooperative of the Western Cape (CIDCWC).
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-hemp sele kwenziwe kwabasemthethweni enarheni ye-United States ngokubekwa komthetho we-Agricultural Improvement Act yonyaka ka-2018. Nanyana kunjalo abakhiqizi be-hemp kusatlhogeka kobana balandele imithetho yezelimo karhulumende kanye nemithetho ye-U.S. Agricultural Act womnyaka ka-2014, kanye nemvume ye-US Agricultural Act, begodu bathole iimvume ekhitjhwe mnyango wezelimo.
Ngomthetho ophasisiweko womnyaka ka-2018, i-Farm Bill yenarha ye-United States, ukukhiqizwa kanye nokudluliselwa kwe-hemp kurhulumende sele kungezelele ukufunwa kwe-hemp kanye nemikhiqizo ye-cannabidiol (CBD).
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana