Hemp (Cannabis sativa) ndi muri une wa vha u tshi khou tavheliwa dzi textile, fibre, na zwiliwa nahone kanzhi vha ya i tanganisa na zwidzidzivhadzi ngauri ina vhushaka na muzwala wayo: mbanzhe kana marijuana (Cannabis indica).
Hemp ine ya vha i tshi khou bveledziwa uri iyo shuma kha zwa ndowetshumo ya Cannabis sativa L. ine ya vha na zwine zwa vha fhasi ha 0.1 - 0.3% THC - permissible tshikalo tsha THC tshi ya vha tshi tshi khou fhambana uya nga mashango, hemp zwi vha zwi tshi tou vha ipfi la zwimela zwa cannabis zwine zwa vha zwi tshi khou tavheliwa u shuma kha zwidzidzivhadzi.
Marijuana, hemp na cannabis ndi madzina ane avha uri o doweleya kha zwimela zwine zwa vha zwa lushaka lwa Cannabis. Cannabis i vha na zwine zwa fhira 110 cannabinoids, zwine zwa vha zwo katela delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), hezwi zwa intoxicating na psychoactive cannabinoid kha marijuana. THC i divheliwa u fhungudza lutamo lwa zwiliwa, na u fhungudza vhutungu na zwithu zwa euphoric properties.
Hei THC ya cannabis ndi yone mbuno ine ya ita uri u tavhiwa a hemp zwi iledziwe kha manwe mashango. Naho zwo ralo tshimela tsha hemp atshi tou bveledza THC uri i kone u vha na zwithu zwine zwa disa vhutungu.
Hemp Na Cannabinoids
Cannabinoids dzi wanala kha mivhili ya vhathu nahone ndi dzone dzine dza ita uri muvhili wa muthu u kone u shuma. Hu di vha na zwivhumbeo zwa mishonga zwine zwa itwa nga tshimela hetshi (phytocannabinoids) na kha mivhili ya vhathu (endocannabinoids). Hezwi zwivhumbeo, zwo tangana na cannabinoid kha vhuluvhi, zwi ya kona u sika tshipida tsha endocannabinoid kha muvhili wa muthu. Hei endocannabinoid i vha i tshi khou langa u bva ha neurotransmitters, zwa thusa kha vhutungu nahone ya dovha ya vha yo dzhena kha mbilu na u tshimbila ha malofha, na tsukanyo na u shuma ha tshivhindi.
Hezwi ndi zwone zwine zwa ita ri vha rengi vha takalele zwone kha vhunzhi ha dzi cannabinoids kha maluvha a cannabis flower: Cannabidiol (CBD) na tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). CBD i wanala kha tshipida tsha nntha tsha hemp na kha luvha la hemp nahone iya bviswa kha CBD ya mapfura, hu sina zwine zwa nga tshinyadza.
Dzinwe cannabinoids hu vha ho kateliwa Cannabigerol (CBG), cannabichromene (CBC) na cannabinol (CBN). Mushumo wadzo wa ndeme u kha diitwa dzi tsedzuluso fhedzi dzi vha dzi tshi khou sumbedza khonadzeo ya u kona u lafha malwadze na mushonga wa u ededza.
Hemp Na Mulayo
Afrika tshipembe Hemp yo dzhiiwa sa tshidzidzivhadzi. Yo kaliwa nga vha mutakalo. Ngeno vha zwa mishonga na zwinwe zwine zwa elana na zwezwo hu vhone vhane nga mulayo vha langa tshimela hetshi na u vhewa hatsho kha la Afrika tshipembe. Huna linwalo la thendelo kha line la vha fhasi musi ri tshi da kha hetshi tshimela–THC cannabis hu tshi khou itela kha ndowetshumo i nga kha di bviswa nga Director-General wa mutakalo nga mulayo wa Section 22A(9)(a)(i) ya Medicines Act.
Manwalo avha o bviswa nga vha South African Health Products Regulatory Authority (SAHPRA) zwine zwa ima kha vhuimo ha vha Medicines Control Council (MCC). SAHPRA zwine zwa wela fhasi ha vha Department of Health ministry. Hu di vha na dzi fomo dzine wa nga kona u dzi dadza kha u bveledziwa ha hemp u nga kona u dzi wana kha dzi ofisi dza vha SAHPRA.
Manwalo ane a kha di tendeliwa uri aya wanala zwazwino ndi musi arali u tshi khou toda u ita dzi thoduluso zwine zwa vha zwi tshi khou amba uri a i wanali kha thengiso zwi kha di vha zwo iledziwa, ndi zwithu zwine zwo ambiwa nga vho Gill Staniland, murado mutumbulu wa Cannabis Industry Development Cooperative of the Western Cape (CIDCWC).
U bveledziwa ha hemp zwo tendeliwa United States ubva tshe ha phasa mulayo wa Agricultural Improvement Act nga 2018. Naho zwo ralo vhabveledzi vha hemp vha kha di tshila nga fhasi ha mulayo wa agricultural na mulayo wa 2014 U.S. Agricultural Act na u wanala ha manwalo athendelo zwi vha zwi tshi khou bva kha vha muvhuso wa po.
Zwa u phasiswa ha mulayo nga 2018 Farm Bill United States, u bveledziwa na u fhiriswa ha hemp kha manwe mashango zwo no hulisa u todiwa ha zwothe hemp na zwibveledzwa zwa cannabidiol (CBD).
Translated by Khalirendwe Nekhavhambe