I-Hemp (Cannabis sativa) sisityalo esilungela iimeko ezininzi, ezifana nemithungo, iindwangu, oli kwaye njengo kutya kwaye iyathanda ukuphazamiswa njenge siyobisi ngenxa yobudlelwane nomzala wayo oqhunyisa ingqondo: Intsangu okanye ‘icuba labathwa’ (Cannabis indica).
Ihemp yentengiso iveliswa kwintsalela ze Cannabis satia L. enangaphantsi ko 0.1 – 0.3% THC – imilinganiselo evumelekileyo ye THC iyohluka kwilizwe ngalinye. I-‘hemp’, ligama lesityalo se cannabis hayi ekhuliswa ngenjongo yokwenza lowo uyisebenzisayo aqhunywe.
Intsangu, hemp ne cannabis ngama gama aqhelekileyo wezityalo ze genus (Cannabis. Cannabis) zina ngapha kwama 110 we cannabinoids, eziquka delta-9- tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), le inxilisayo okanye iqhunyiswayo kunye ne cannabinoid ezifumaneka kwintsangu. I-THC yaziwa ngokuba yonyusa umdla wokutya, ipholisa iintlungu kwaye iyonwabisa.
Umlinganiselo we THC we cannabis sisizathu sokuba imveliso ye hemp ilawulwa kwihlabathi jikelele. Kunjalo, izityalo ze hemp azivelisi THC yaneleyo ukufikelela kwinqanaba lokunxilisa ingqondo.
I-Hemp ne Cannabinoids
I-Cannabinoids zifumaneka emzimbeni womntu kwaye zibalulekile ekusebenzeni komzimba. Zikhemikhali ezenziwe zizityalo (phytocannabinoids) nase mzimbeni (endocannabinoids). Lamasebe, kunye ne cannabinoid ezisebenza engqondweni, zenza ingxenye ye endocannabinoids esemzimbeni womntu. I-endocannabinoids ezilawula ukukhutshwa kwe nuerotransmitters, zincedisa ekuveni iintlungu ezidibana nentliziyo nokusebenza kwe gazi, ukutya kunye nokusebenza kwe sibindi.
Yiyolonto abathengi abakude benomdla kwi cannabinoids kwintyatyambo ye cannabis: Cannabidiol (CBD) kunye ne tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). I-CBD ifumaneka kwindawo eziphezulu zesityalo se hemp nakwi ntyatyambo ze hemp kwaye ikhiwa ukuze ivelise i-CBD oli etyebileyo enganxilisiyo/ qhunyiswiyo.
Ezinye iicannabinoids ziquka Cannabiferl (CBG), cannabichromene (CBC) ne cannabinol (CBN). Kusaphandwa apho inokusetyenziswa khona kodwa ichaza unyango lwezifo zokudubmba okuhamba neentlungu, kunye nokuncedisa ukulala.
I-Hemp no Mthetho
Kweli lo Mzantsi Afrika, ihemp isabonwa njenge siyobisi. Ilawulwa lisebe leze Mpilo. Ngexesha iMedicine and Related Substances Act ziyimithetho ebandakanyekayo kulawulo lukutyala nokulungisa ihemp eMzantsi Afrika. Iimpepha mvume zokuluma I-THC enamazinga aphantsi we cannabis ngenjongo yentengisozingakhutshwa yi Director General yesebe leze Mpilo ngoko mqolo 22A(9)(a)(i) yemithetho yama yeza.
Iimpepha mvume zikhutshwa yi South African Health Products Regulatory Authority (SAHPRA) ethabathe indawo ye Medicines Control Council (MCC). I-SAHPRA iphantsi ko ngqongqoshe wesebe leze Mpilo, impepha sesicelo sokuvelisa ihemp ziyafumaneka kwi ofisi ze SAHPRA.
Iimpepha mvume ezikhutshelwa imveliso ye hemp ‘zezophando kuphela’ oku kuthetha okokuba intengiso ye hemp ayikacaci ncam, oku kuthethwe ngu Gill Staniland, ilungu elingumseki we Cannabis Industry Development Cooperative of the Western Cape (CIDCWC).
Imveliso ye hemp isemthethweni e-United States ukusuka ngexesha lokuwiswa komthetho we Agricultural Improvement Act ngonyaka ka 2018. Kungenjalo, abavelisi be hemp kufuneka bathobele imithetho ka rhulumente yezolimo ne 2014 U.S. Agricultural Act ifumane iimpepha mvume ezikhutshwa ngamasebe angqongileyo wesebe le Zolimo.
Ngoba semthethweni we 2018 Farm Bill kwelase United States, imveliso nokuhanjiswa kwe hemp kwimigca yemimandla kwandise isidingo semveliso ze hemp ne cannabidiol (CBD).
Translated by Zikhona Plaatjie