Hemp (Cannabis sativa) I ximilani lexingana switirhisiwa swotala swinene lexinga tirhisiwaka eka ti textiles, fibre, mafurha xikan’we na swakudya naswona xitala kuva xitekiwa onge I xidzidziharisi hikuva xiri na vuxaka na xaka rakona leri dakwaka ra: marijuana kumb ‘dagga’ (Cannabis indica).
Hemp ya swavumaki yihumelerisiwa kusuka eka Cannabis sativa L. leyingana ehansi ka 0.1 - 0.3% THC – nhlayo leyi pfumeleriweke ya THC yi hambana kuya hi tiko na tiko. ‘Hemp’ kova ntsena, rito ra swimilani swa cannabis leswinga byaleriweki ku tirhisiwa ka vudzidziharisi bya swona.
Marijuana, hemp na cannabis I mavito ya ntolovelo ya swimilani swa ndyangu lowu wa Cannabis. Cannabis yina kutlula 110 wati cannabinoids, leti katsaka delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), leyi dakwaka xikan’we na leyi nyanyulaka ya psychoactive cannabinoid eka marijuana. THC yi tiveka hikuva yi tisa ntsakelo wa swakudya, yisusa swivavi xikan’we naku dakwisa.
Nhlayo ya THC eka cannabis hiyona xivangelo xakuva vuhumelerisi bya hemp byi lawuriwa emisaveni hinkwayo. Hambiswiritano, swimilani swa hemp aswi humelerisi nhlayo yo ringanela ya THC ku fikelela leswaku yinga dakwisa munhu.
Hemp na Cannabinoids
Cannabinoids tikumeka eka miri wa munhu naswona tina nkoka kuva miri wa munhu wu tirha kahle. Leswi I swivumbeko swati khemikhali leswi vumbiweke hi swimilani (phytocannabinoids) naleka miri wa munhu (endocannabinoids). Swivumbeko leswi, xikan’we nati cannabinoid receptors eka byongo, swiendla xiphemu xa endocannabinoid system eka miri wa munhu. Endocannabinoid system yi lawula ku humesiwa kati neurotransmitters, leti pfunetaka eka kutwa kuvava naswona ti hoxa xandla eka matirhelo ya mbilu na ngati, mfpuvelo xikan’we na mintirho ya xivindzi.
Kufikela sweswi vatirhisi va langute ngopfu eka kutala ngopfu kati cannabinoids eka bilomu ra cannabis: Cannabidiol (CBD) na tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). CBD yi kumeka eka xiphemu xale henhla xa ximilani xikan’we nale ka mabilomu ya hemp naswona ya susiwa leswaku yata humelerisa mafurha lawa yanga fuwa swinene hi CBD leyinga pyopyeki.
Ti cannabinoids tikatsa Cannabigerol (CBG), cannabichromene (CBC) na cannabinol (CBN). Switirhisiwa swatona aswise tiveka naswoa swaha lavisisiwa kambe swikombeta leswaku yingava yi horisa mavabyi yo pfimba xikan’we naku pfuneta ku etlela.
Hemp na Nawu
E Afrika Dzonga, hemp yaha tekiwa tani hi xidzidziharisi. Yi lawuriwa hiva Department of Health. Loko Medicine and Related Substances Act kuri milawu leyi khumbekaka eka kulawula kurimiwa xikan’we naku tirhisiwa ka hemp e Afrika Dzonga. Mpfumelelo waku byariwa ka cannabis leyinga ehansi hi-THC hi xikongomelo xa vumaki wunga humesiwa hi Director-General of Health kuya hi Section 22A(9) (a)(i) of the Medicines Act.
Mpfumelelo wu humesiwa hiva South African Health Products Regulatory Authority (SAHPRA) lavanga teka vundzhawu bya Medicines Control Council (MCC). SAHPRA yiwela ehansi ka vukorhokeri bya Department of Health. Tifomo ta swikombelo swaku humelerisa hemp tinga kumekakusuka eka tihofisi ta SAHPRA.
Mpfumelelo lowunga humesiwa kuva ku humelerisiwa hemp waha tirhisiwa ntsena eka xikongomelo xa vulavisisi leswi vulaka leswaku vuhumelerisi bya hemp kuva yi xavisiwa swaha kala swinene, leswi pfumeriwaka nahi Gill Staniland, xirho tlhelo mutumbuluxi wa Cannabis Industry Development Cooperative of the Western Cape (CIDCWC).
Vuhumelerisi bya hemp abyiri e nawini e United States endzhaku kaloko kutava ku pasisiwe Agricultural Improvement Act hi 2018. Hambiswiritano, vahumelerisi va hemp vaha fanele ku landzelela milawu ya tiko ya swavurimi xikan’we na nawu wa 2014 wa tiko ra U.S. wa Agricultural Act kutani vakuma mpfumelelo lowu nyikiwaka ni ndzawulo yale kusuhi ya vurimi.
Hi vulawurilebyi bya 2018 Farm Bill e United States, Vuhumelerisi xikan’we naku hundzisiwa ka hemp kuya eka matiko yan’wana switlakusile swinene switirhisiwa swa hemp na cannabidiol (CBD).
Translated by Ike Ngobeni