I-Hemp (i-Cannabis sativa) isitshalo esiguquguqukayo esetshenziselwa izindwangu, i-fibre, i-oyili njengokudla futhi kwesinye isikhathi iphutha lesidakamizwa ngenxa yokuhlobana nomzala wayo ophuzayo: insangu noma i-'dagga' (i-Cannabis indica).
I-hemp yezimboni ikhiqizwa kusuka ezinhlolweni zeCannabis sativa L. equkethe ngaphansi kwe-0,1 - 0,3% THC - amazinga avumelekile e-THC ahlukahluka ezweni ngalinye. I-'Hemp', ke, igama elisho izitshalo ze-cannabis ezikhulelwe ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezingekho euphoric.
I-Marijuana, i-hemp ne-cannabis ngamagama ajwayelekile ezitshalweni zohlobo lweCannabis. I-cannabis iqukethe ama-cannabinoid angaphezu kwe-110, afaka i-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), i-cannabinoid edonsa futhi edonsa ingqondo yensangu. I-THC yaziwa ngokudla kwayo okuvuselelayo, ukuvuselela izinhlungu kanye nokuphatheka ngokweqile.
Okuqukethwe kwe-THC kwe-cannabis yisizathu esenza ukukhiqizwa kwe-hemp kulawulwe emhlabeni wonke. Kodwa-ke, izitshalo ze-hemp azikhiqizi i-THC eyanele ukuze zibe nomphumela odakayo.
I-Hemp ne-Cannabinoids
Ama-cannabinoids atholakala emzimbeni womuntu futhi abalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle komzimba. Yizakhiwo zamakhemikhali ezenziwa izitshalo (phytocannabinoids) nasemzimbeni womuntu (endocannabinoids). Lezi zinhlaka, kanye nama-cannabinoid receptors ebuchosheni, zakha ingxenye yohlelo lwe-endocannabinoid emzimbeni womuntu. Lolu hlelo lwe-endocannabinoid lulawula ukukhishwa kwama-neurotransmitters, lusiza ekuboneni izinhlungu futhi lubandakanyeka emsebenzini wenhliziyo negazi, uhlelo lokugaya kanye nemisebenzi yesibindi.
Kuze kube manje abathengi banesithakazelo kuphela kuma-cannabinoids amaningi kakhulu embali ye-cannabis: I-Cannabidiol (CBD) ne-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). I-CBD itholakala ezingxenyeni ezingenhla zesitshalo se-hemp nasezimbali ze-hemp futhi iyakhishwa ukuze kukhiqizwe uwoyela ocebile we-CBD ngaphandle kwemiphumela ebuhlungu.
Amanye ama-cannabinoids afaka i-Cannabigerol (CBG), cannabichromene (CBC) ne-cannabinol (CBN). Ukusetshenziswa kwabo okunamandla kusafundwa kepha kukhombisa ukwelashwa okungenzeka kokusetshenziswa kwezifo ezivuvukelayo kanye nanjengesizo sokulala.
I-Hemp noMthetho
ENingizimu Afrika, i-hemp isabhekwa njengesidakamizwa. Ilawulwa nguMnyango Wezempilo. Ngenkathi Umthetho Wezemithi kanye Nezinto Ezihlobene nawo kungumthetho obambe iqhaza lokulawula ukutshala kanye nokusebenza kwe-hemp eNingizimu Afrika. Izimvume zokutshala ama-cannabis aphansi we-THC ngezinhloso zezimboni zingakhishwa nguMqondisi-Jikelele Wezempilo ngokwesigaba 22A(9) (a) (i) soMthetho Wezemithi.
Izimvume zikhishwa yi-South African Health Products Regulatory Authority (SAHPRA) ethathe isikhundla soMkhandlu Wezokulawula Imithi (Medicines Control Council (MCC). ISAHPRA ingaphansi koMnyango Wezempilo. Amafomu ezicelo zokukhiqiza i-hemp angatholakala emahhovisi e-SAHPRA.
Izimvume ezikhishwe ukukhiqizwa kwe-hemp zisasebenza kuphela 'ngezinjongo zocwaningo' okusho ukuthi ukuthengiswa kokukhiqizwa kwe-hemp kusalokhu kungacaci, umbono owethulwe nguGill Staniland, oyilungu le-Cannabis Industry Development Cooperative yeWestern Cape (CIDCWC).
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Hemp kusemthethweni emelika e-United States selokhu kudlula umthetho wezoLimo ngokuThuthukiswa kwezoLimo ngonyaka we-2018. Kodwa-ke, abakhiqizi be-hemp kumele basaqhubeke nokulandela imithetho yezolimo yezwe kanye noMthetho Wezolimo we-2014 e-U.S futhi bathole izimvume ezikhishwe yiminyango yezolimo yasendaweni.
Ngokuqalwa ngokomthetho koMthethosivivinywa Wezolimo wase-2018 e-United States, ukukhiqizwa kanye nokudluliswa kwe-hemp ngaphezulu kwemigqa yombuso kukhulise isidingo semikhiqizo yomibili ye-hemp ne-cannabidiol (CBD).
Translated by Nsika Khoza