I-olive imunywa esthelweni somuthi we-olive, (Olea europaea), ongewendabuko eenarheni ezizombeleze ilwandle le-Mediterranean. Amafutha enza izinto ezinengi, asetjenziswa ekudleni, njengamafutha wokuupheka, entweni zokuhlamba nokuzela, entweni zezekolo, nentweni zezobuhle.
Amafutha we-olive, khulukhulu amsulwa ngokweqileko abizwa bona yi-extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), aletha inzuzo yezepilo, efana namaleveli aphezulu we-polyphenols, asebenza njenge-antioxidant aqeda nokuvuvuka, angaphungula ingozi yobulwelwe beswigiri i-type II diabetes begod akhendele ukufa kwehlangothi kanye nekankere yamabele.
Yini i-Extra-Virgin Olive Oil?
I-EVOO mhlobo okhamba phambili we-Olive oil. Ibizweli alitlhadlhuli umhlobo othize wamafutha wama-olive nanyana isikhathi sokuvuna, kodwana litjengisa indlela amafutha la akhitjwe ngayo esthelweni. Ukobana abizwe ngokobana yi-extra virgin, amafutha la kutlhogeka kobana lokha nakaputjuzwa kokuthoma kibe aputjuzwa esithelweni esisandukuvunwa begodu esingakonakali.
Ngeskhathesi, akusetjenziswa amakhemikhali nanyana umtjhiso osezingeni eliphezulu. Ngemva kokobana amafutha aputjuziwe, ayahlolwa ukuqiniseka kobana akhambelana nestandadi samafutha asulwa ngokweqileko. Ekubalwa hlangana iintlhogeko ezifunekako zamakhemikhali ezifana nokobana angabi nama-fatty acid kanye neleveli ye-peroxide. I-EVOO inamazinga we asidi angaphasi kwe-0.8%.
Imihlobo Yamafutha we-Olive
Njengobana sekutjhiwo ngaphezulu, i-EVOO yikhwalithi ekhamba phambili yamafutha we-olive.
Amafutha asulwa we-olive mafutha wemvelo angakalungiswa anezinga eliphasi le-asidi ehlangana kwe-0.8 kanye ne-2%. I-acidity mthamo wamafutha ayikhwalithi, ameda inani le-free fatty oleic acid, ekungiyo i-asidi enengi emafutheni we-olive.
Nabathi amafutha a-cold pressed nanyana aputjuzwe amakhaza batjho bona amazinga abawaputjuze ngaphasi kwawo gade abekwe ngaphasi kwe-28°C. Amazinga aphasi la womtjhiso akhandela ukusuka kwamavithamini asuswa mtjhiso, ama-antioxidant kanye nehlanganisela eletha umnambitheko.
I-rifined olive nanyana i-light olive oil kuhlukaniswa kwamafutha, ngokobana afakwe i-bleach kanye nezinye iinthako. Lokhu kurholela ekutheni abe mafutha anganambala anomnambitheko omnandi begodu nenzuzo encani yezepilo kunamafutha amsulwa ngokweqileko /-extra virgin oil. I-olive oil elula itlhadlhula umbala kwaphela kanye nomnambitheko wayo, kungasi kukobana anenani eliphezulu lamafutha nanyana kobana kukukudla kokwehlisa umzimba. Yoke imihlobo ye-olive oil inezinga elifanako lamafutha. Amabizo afana ne-pure/-msulwa nanyana ‘100% pure’ mabizo wokuwathengisa begodu atjengisa kobana amafutha la asuswe okungakalungi nanyana aqwengisiwe.
Amafutha i-‘olive pomace’ mafutha adoswe ngamakhemikhali eensaleleni zama-olive amakelo, iinkhumba-eziselwe nakwenziwa amafutha we-olive. Ngeze zabizwa njenge-‘olive oil’, khulukhulu kungasi njenge-olive oil edoswe ngamakhemikhali/-‘pomace olive oil’, ekukuhlukaniswa okungatlolwa ngendlela ekungiyo emalebulini.
Iintayela ze-Olive Oil Emsulwa Okudluleleko
I-olive oil emsulwa ngokudluleleko ihlukaniswa ngentayela ezintathu-enambitheka njengenthelo, ehlangana nendawo kanye namafutha abuthakathaka. Istayela sayo senziwa mhlobo othize we-olive, nange kusetjenziswe umhlobo westhelo sinye sama-olive ezisetjenziswa ehlanganiseleni. Ukungezelela, ukuvuthwa kwama-olives, indawo lapho akhiqizelwa khona, ihlabathi, kanye nobujamo bezulu beskhathi sokuwatjala zoke zinomthelela ekutheni amafutha azokugcina anjani. Ama-olives amancani angenza bona i-olive oil inambitheke njengethelo, ezifana nama a-bhula kanye namapentjisi, lokha ama-olives avuthiweko angenza bona i-olive oil inambitheke njenge-penabhula kanye nebhanana.
Umhlobo lo westayela samafutha la, uphakanyiswa kobana ungasetjenziselwa ukwenza i-mayonnaise, vinaigrettes kanye nenthelo. I-olive oil enambitheka njengenthelo ifaneleke kobana kungalungiswa ngayo inyama, ukungafakwa ekonofuleni kanye ne-anyanisini, emasobheni kanye nerhwabalazini. Lokha ehlangana nendawo ifaneleka kobana ingasetjenziswa nenyama yekukhu, ifesi, amasaladi nanyana isetjenziselwe ukubhaga.
Ilisti yama-olive we-Sewula Africa adume khulu asetjenziselwa iintayela ezahlukahlukeneko:
Umhlobo we-Leccino - Athambile, amnandi begodu anomnambitheko wamakhambi.
Umhlobo we-Frantoio - Etjalwe khulu eSewula Africa, umhlobo oqinileko ohlaza satjani.
Umhlobo we-Frantoio Coratina - Okhiqiza amafutha atjhuqileko.
Umhlobo we-Frantoio Favolosa - Okhiqiza amafutha anambitheka ingazinthelo.
Mission - Umhlobo wetafuleni, ongasetjenziselwa ukukhiqiza umnambitheko ohlukahlukeneko.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana