Olive oil yi kumeka kusuka eka muhandzu wa nsinya wati olives (Olea europaea), lowu ekaya ka wona kunga e matikweni yale kusuhi na lwandle ra Mediterranean. Mafurha lawa yana mintirho yotala swinene, ya tirhisiwa eka swakudya tani hi mafurha yo sweka, eka swotola, nale ka mintirho ya vukhongeri, tani hi mafurha ya ntonto xikan’we nale ka swobasisa na swisibi.
Olive oil, ngopfu ngopfu ya extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), yina mimbuyelo yo hlaya swinene eka swa rihanyu, swotani hi nhlayo yale henhla ya polyphenols, leyi tirhaka tani hiti antioxidants na anti-inflammatories, leswinga hungutaka khombo ra mavabyi ya chukele ya type II xikan’we naku sivela mavabyi yaku oma swirho ku katsa na fukuzani ya mavele.
Xana i yini Extra-Virgin Olive Oil
EVOO i mafurha ya xiyimo xale henhla swinene ya olive oil. Rito leri ari vule muxaka wokarhi wa olive oil kumbe nkarhi wotshovela, kambe ku kombisiwa ma endlelo yo humesa mafurha. Kuva mafurha ya vekiwa eka ntlawa wa extra virgin, mafurha lawa yafanele kuva ya huma eka ku kamiwa rosungula kusuka eka muhandzu wa olive lowu wahaku tshoveriwaka naswona wunga vavisekangi. Hinkarhi lowu, akuna ti khemikhali kumbe ku hisiwa kokarhi loku tirhisiwaka. Loko mafurha ya kamiwile, ya kamberiwa ku tiyisisa leswaku ya fikelela swipimelo swa “extra virgin”. Leswi swikatsa swilaveko swa ti khemikali swofana na ku pfumaleka kati fatty acid na nhlayo ya peroxide. EVOO yi pfumala nhlayo ya acid kumbe wuri ehansi ka 0.8%.
Swiyimo swa ti Olive Oil
Tani hileswi swihlamuseriweke laha henhla, EVOO i khwalithi ya kahle swinene ya olive oil.
Virgin Olive Oil i mafurha ya ntumbuluko lawa yanga basisiwangiki lawa yangariki na swiphiqo naswona yangava na acid yale xikarhi ka 0.8 na 2%. (Acidity, i mpimo wa khwalithi ya olive oil, mpimo wa nhlayo ya fatty oleic acid, leyi kunga acid leyi teleke eka olive oil.)
‘Cold press’ kumbe ‘cold extracted’ swivula leswaku mafurha ya kamiwe ekamahiselo lawa yanga ehansi ka 28°C. Mahiselo lawa yale hansi ya sivela ku lahleka ka ti vitamins leti chavaka ku hisa, ti antioxidants na leswi fambelanaka na nantswo.
Mafurha lawa ya basisiweke kumbe olive oil yo vevuka i nkatsakanyo wa mafurha lawa yanga nuherisiwa kumbe ku cheriwa swin’wana kuya antswisa. Leswi swivanga leswaku kuva na mafurha lawa ya vonikelaka swinene ya nantswo wale xikarhi naswona yana mbuyelo wale hansi wa swa rihanyo kutlula leswi extra virgin oil yitivekisaka xiswona. Mafurha lawa ya ‘light’ olive oils kuvuriwa ntsena muhlovo na nantswo naswona aswivuli ku vevuka ‘light’ eka ti kilojoules kumbe ku hlamusela leswaku i xitirhisiwa lexinga tirhisiwaka eka ku hunguta ntiko wa miri. Tinxaka hinkwato ta olive oil tina nhlayo yo ringana yati kilojoule. Marito yofana na ‘pure’ kumbe ‘100% pure’ kova lawa ya tirhisiwaka ku xavisa naswona yakombisa loko mafurha ya antswisiwile.
‘Olive pomace oil’ i mafurha lawa lawa ya kamiweke hiku tirhisa ti khemikhali kusuka eka masalela yofana na tinyungu, nhlonge kumbe swale ndzeni leswi salaka loko ku kamiwile mafurha. Swingaka swinga vekiwi eka xiyenge xa ‘olive oil’, ngopfu ngopfu kungari tani hi ‘pomace olive oil’ ntlawa lowu talaka kukumeka wu hoxekile eka swiphephani leswi damarhetiweke.
Switayele swa Extra Virgin Olive Oil
Extra virgin olive oil yi vekiwe eka mintlawa yinharhu ya switayele - intensely fruity, medium intensity na delicate oils. Switayele leswi swi hlohleteriwa hi muxaka wa ti olives leti tirhisiweke, loko kuri muxaka wun’we wunga tirhisiwa eka ku endla mafurha yalawo. Tlhandla kambirhi, mavupfelo ya ti olives, ndzhawu ya vuhumelerisi, misava ya kona na maxelo ya nguva naswona swi hoxa xandla eka xitayele xa mafurha lawa ya humelerisiwaka. Ti olives letintsongo tinga hoxa xandla eka nantswo wa muhandzu, kufana na ma apula ya rihlaza kumbe mapecisi, loko letinga vupfa ti olives titisaka nantswo wa xihenge na banana.
Xitayele xa ‘delicate’ xa olive oil xihlohleteriwa swinene eka kutirhisiwa eka mayonnaise, vinaigrettes nale ka mihandzu. Xitayele xa mihandzu xa olive oil xi lulamerile eka kululamisiwa ka tinyama, sautéing garlic nati nyala, supu nale ka ice cream. Kuve xitayele xa medium intensity xi lulamele swinene kutirhisiwa eka nyama ya huku, tihlampfi, ti saladi kumbe eka ku baka.
Nxanxameto wa SA Olive wuna tinxaka leti landzelaka leti tirhisiwaka eka switayele swohambana swa mafurha:
Leccino – wo vevuka, wa nantswo wa mitsembyani.
Frantoio – wu byariwa ngopfu e Afrika Dzonga, wa nuhelo wo tiya wa rihlaza.
Coratina – wunga humelerisa mafurha yo dzunga.
Favolosa – wuhumelerisa mafurha ya nantswo wa muhandzu.
Mission – tinxaka to hambana ta mafurha ya olive, tinga tirhisiwa ku hoxa xandla eka muxaka.
Translated by Ike Ngobeni