Amafutha omnqumo akhishwa ezitsheni zesihlahla somnqumo (i-Olea europaea), esidabuka emazweni azungeze uLwandle iMedithera.
Amafutha ahlukahlukene, asetshenziswa ekudleni, njengamafutha okupheka, izimonyo, emasikweni enkolo, njengesithambiso nanjengesisekelo emigqonyeni yokuhlanza nensipho.
Amafutha omnqumo, ikakhulukazi i-olive olive olive (i-EVOO), anezinzuzo eziningi zezempilo, ezifana namazinga aphezulu ama-polyphenols, asebenza njengama-antioxidants kanye nama-anti-immune, angahle anciphise ubungozi besifo sikashukela sohlobo II futhi avimbele imivimbo kanye nomdlavuza webele.
Yini i-Extra-Virgin Olive Oil?
I-EVOO ibanga eliphakeme lamafutha omnqumo. Leli gama alisho izinhlobo ezithile zamafutha omnqumo noma isikhathi sokuvuna, kodwa kunalokho libonisa indlela yokukhishwa kawoyela. Ukuze kuhlukaniswe njengezintombi nto ezengeziwe, uwoyela kufanele uthathwe emnyathelini wokuqala wezithelo zomnqumo ezisanda kufakwa nezingonakalisiwe.
Ngale nqubo, awekho amakhemikhali noma ukushisa ngokweqile okusetshenziswayo. Lapho sekukhishwe uwoyela, kuyahlolwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi kufinyelela “ezindinganisweni ezingeziwe zobuntombi. Lokhu kufaka izidingo zamakhemikhali ezinjengamahhala wamafutha acid namazinga e-peroxide. I-EVOO inezinga lamahhala le-acidity elingaphansi kwama-0.8%.
Amakilasi Wamafutha e-Olive
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, i-EVOO iyikhwalithi engcono kakhulu yamafutha omnqumo.
I-Virgin Olive yemvelo engacoliswanga enobuthakathaka obuncane kanye ne-acidity yamahhala ephakathi kuka-0,8 no-2%. (I-Acidity, isilinganiso sekhwalithi yamafutha omnqumo, ilinganisa inani lamafutha we-oleic acid wamahhala, okuyi-asidi eningi kakhulu emafutheni omnqumo.)
I-'Cold Press 'noma ethi' ukukhishwa okubandayo 'kusho ukuthi amazinga okushisa okukhishwa agcinwe ngaphansi kwama-28°C. Lawa mazinga okushisa aphansi avimbela ukulahleka kwama-vithamini abhekisisa amazinga okushisa, ama-antioxidants nezinhlanganisela zezithelo.
Amafutha omnqumo akhanyisiwe noma akhanyayo ukuhlukaniswa kwamafutha, okuye kwananyiswa futhi kwahlanganiswa. Lokhu kuholela emafutheni acishe abe sobala we-ukunambitheka okucashile futhi ngezinzuzo zempilo eziphansi kunamafutha asezingeni elengeziwe owaziwa ngalo. Lamafutha omnqumo 'okhanyayo' abhekisela kuphela kumbala nokunambithekeni futhi angisho ukuthi 'kukhanya' kuma-kilojoules noma ukuthi kungumkhiqizo wokudla. Zonke izigaba zamafutha omnqumo zinokuqukethwe okufanayo kwe-kilojoule. Imibandela efana ne-'pure' noma i-'100% pure 'yigama lokuthengisa futhi libonisa ukuthi uwoyela ungamafutha acwengekile.
I-'Olive pomace oil 'yi-oyili ekhishwe ngamakhemikhali kokungcola okuqinile - izihlakala, isikhumba nenyama - kwesokunxele kwinqubo yokucindezela ye-olive. Ngeke ihlukaniswe ngokuthi 'i-olive yama-olive', ngokuthe ngqo hhayi njenge-'mobace olive 'i-classization (ngokungafanele) etholakala kumalebula.
Izitayela Zika-oli we-Olive
Amafutha e-olive angashintshiwe ahlukaniswa ngokwezitayela ezintathu - izithelo ezigcwele kakhulu, ukuqina okuphakathi kanye namafutha abuthakathaka. Isitayela sithonywa kakhulu yizinhlobo ezithile zomnqumo, uma kungu-oyili-varietal oyodwa noma ama-cultivars asetshenziswa kokuhlanganiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvuthwa kweminqumo, indawo yokukhiqiza, inhlabathi kanye nesimo sezulu sonyaka konke kudlala indima esitayeleni sokugcina samafutha. Iminqumo emisha ingafaka isandla emicimbini yezithelo, njengama-apula aluhlaza namapentshisi, kuyilapho iminqumo eyi-riper ikwazi ukwethula amanothi kaphayinaphu nebhanana.
Amafutha ama-olive asesitayeleni 'anciphisiwe' anconyelwa ukusetshenziselwa imayonnaise, i-vinaigrette nezithelo. Amafutha omnqumo wesitayela se-ithelo alungele ukulungiselela inyama, i-sautéing garlic kanye no-anyanisi, isobho ngisho ne-ayisikhilimu. Ngenkathi isitayela sokuqina esiphakathi sikulungele kahle ukusisebenzisa ngenkukhu, inhlanzi, amasaladi noma ekubhaka.
ISA Olive ibala lezi zinhlobo zomnqumo ezaziwayo ezisetshenziselwa izitayela ezihlukene zamafutha:
I-Leccino - ukunambitheka okuthambile, okucashile kwe-herbaceous.
UFrantoio - otshalwe kakhulu e-SA, ama-overtones aqinile aluhlaza.
ICoratina - ingakhiqiza uwoyela obabayo.
UFavolosa - ukhiqiza uwoyela kakhulu izithelo.
I-Mission - izinhlobonhlobo zeminqumo yetafula, zingasetshenziswa ukufaka isandla ekugudlekeni ngokuhlanganiswa.
Translated by Nsika Khoza