i-Oli yoMnquma icatshulwa kwisiqhamo somthi womnquma (Olea europaea). Imvelaphi yalomthi ikumazwe angqonge ulwandle lwe Meditarrenean. Le yi oli esetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukileyo. Ingasetyenziswa ekutyeni, njenge oli yokupheka, kwi khozmetiki, kwimisebenzi yesintu, njenge lubricant ikwasetyenziswa njenge sisekelo sokwenza isepha kunye nezikhuculi mabali.
I-Oli yomnquma, ingakumbi i-extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), inemivuzo emininzi yempilo, efana ne Polyphenols. Ezi ke zisebenza njenge antioxidants okanye njenge anti-inflammatories, nezinokunciphisa amathuba okuhlaselwa yiswekile II, zikwathintela ne stroke kunye nomhlaza wamabele.
Yintoni i-Extra-Virgin Olive Oil?
i-EVOO ikwelona nqanaba liphezulu le oli yomnquma. Eli gama alibhekisanga kwi ntlobo ethile ye oli okanye kwixesha lokuvuna, koko libhekisele kwindlela i-oli ecatshulwe ngayo kwisiqhamo. Ukuze ihlelwe njenge extra virgin, le oli kufuneka ithathwe kwisicatshulwa sokuqala sesiqhamo somnquma esingonakali. Ngelixesha akusetyenziswa zikhemikhali okanye bushushu bungamandla.
Xa le oli sele icatshulwe, iye ivavanywe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba iyahambelana ne nemigaqo ye “extra virgin”. Oku kuquka imfuno ze khemikhali ezifana ne free fatty acid kunye ne peroxide levels. EVOO inamaqndo efree acidity angaphantsi kwe 0.8%.
Amabanga ee-Oli yeMinquma
Njengoko sekukhankanyiwe ngentla, i-EVOO yeyona oli ikumgangatho uphezulu.
iVirgin Olive Oil yi oli yendalo ekrwada enezibi ezimbalwa kunye ne free acidity ephantsi ephakathi kwe 0.8 kunye ne 2%. (Acidity, isetyenziswa ukumeta umgangatho we oli, neyeyona asidi ininzi kwi oli yomnquma.)
‘Cold press’ okanye ‘cold extracted’ kuthetha ukuba amaqondo obushushu ngethuba kucatshulwa ebegcinwe engaphantsi kwama 28°C. Lamaqondo aphantsi athintela ilahleko yeevithamin-izakhamzimba, antioxidants kunye nee khompawndi ze ncasa ezinochuku kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu.
I-oli yomnquma ecoliweyo/refined okanye e light yindidi ye oli yomnquma efakwe ivumba yaze yabhlitshwa. Oku kukhokelela kwi oli enombala okhanyayo kunye nencasa evakalela phantsi. Kwaye le oli inemivuzo esempilweni ephantsi kunaleyo yaziwa ngayo i-‘extra virgin oil’. Ezi oli zizi ‘light’ olive oils zibhekisele kumbala nencasa kuphela, kwaye oku akuthethi ukuba inee kilojoules eziphantsi okanye yimveliso yokuhlisa umzimba. Onke amabanga e-oli yomnquma anomlinganiselo ofanayo we kilojoule. Amagama afane no ‘pure’ okanye ‘100% pure’ ngamagama entengis kwaye athetha ukuba i-oli leyo icoliwe/refined.
I-‘Olive pomace oil’ yi oli eyayikade icatshulwa kwiintsalela, iipeta, amaxolo kunye nomphakatih oshiyekele ngethuba bekucatshulwa iminquma. Ayinakho ukubizwa nge ‘olive oil’, ingakumbi i-‘pomace olive oil’ neligama (elingalunganga) efumaneka kwii laybheli ze oli.
Iintlobo ze Extra Virgin Olive Oil
i-Extra virgin olive oil yahlulwa hlulwa ngokwee ntlobo ezintathu-enencasa yesiqhamo, ephakathana kunye ne javu javu. Intlobo ye oli ixhomekeka kakhulu kwindidi ye minquma. Ukuba mhlawmbi yenziwe ngendidi enye yomnquma okanye kudityaniswe iminquma eyahlukeneyo. Ngaphezulu, ukuvuthwa kweminquma, indawo yemveliso, umhlaba kunye nemozulu yexesha lonyaka zidlala indima kwintlobo ye oli ezakuthi iveliswe.
Iminquma eselula inegalelo ekuveliseni ii-oli enencasa yeziqhamo ezifana nama apile aluhlaza kunye neepesika. Iminquma emhlophe evuthwe kakhulu ingavelisa iincasa ze paynapile kunye ne banana.
Intlobo enencasa ajavu javu (‘delicate’) kucetyiswa ukuba isetyenziswe ekwenzeni imayonnaise, vinaigrettes nakwizi qhamo. Le oli yomnquma inencasa yeziqhamo ilungele ukwenza inyama, igalika ye sautéing kunye netswele, isuphu nkqu ne ice cream. Logama lencasa iphakathi ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwinyama yenkukhu, kwiisaladi okanye xa kubhakwa.
Uluhlu lweminquma lwase Mzantsi Afrika olwaziwa kakhulu nezisetyenziswa ukuvelisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze oli:
Leccino – ithambile, inencasa engephi yeziqholo.
Frantoio – ityalwa kakhulu eMzantsi Afrika, iluhlaza yaka.
Coratina – isenokuvelisa i-oli ekrakrayo.
Favolosa – ivelisa i-oli enencasa yeziqhamo.
Mission – indidi esetyenziswa ekuphekeni, isenokusetyenziswa ukuxutywa kwezinye ii-oli.
Translated by Zizipho Silwana