Ukusabalalisa
Ukusakazeka kwe-lavender kuvela enzalweni kodwa lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kuholela ezinkingeni ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kuyiqiniso ukuthayipha izithombo. I-Lavender yokukhiqiza ukuhweba isakazwa kahle ngokutshala ama-cuttings kusuka kumthombo wethembekile onokwethenjelwa. Ukubeka noma ukuhlukanisa isitshalo esisungulwe nokutshala lokhu kuyenziwa futhi kodwa hhayi ngezinga elikhulu.
Indlela Yokutshala
Ukutshala kwe-lavender ngamapulazi amakhulu okuthengisa, kuvame ukuqhutshwa, ngokutshala izithombo eziye zakhiwa kusuka ezicutheni ezihlahleni. Lokhu kunikeza umlimi ukulawula ngaphezulu kwesitshalo semvelo kanye nokufana. Izitshalo ze-lavender zingatshalwa ngesandla noma ngomshini wemishini.
Isikhala
Izitshalo kufanele zihlukaniswe ngamasentimitha angu-50 ngaphandle kwemigqa eyizinkulungwane eziyi-100 kuya ku-120 cm kuyehluka ngezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene noma uhlobo lwemishini esetshenzisiwe. Lokhu kuyimithi yezitshalo ezise-16 000 kuya kwezingu-20 000 ezitshalweni ze-lavender ngehektare ngalinye. Ukusebenzisa kanye namathrekhi amathrekhi ashiyelwe imikhuba yokuphatha nokuvuna.
Isikhathi Sokutshala
Isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokutshala i-lavender yilezikwindla, ngakho-ke, eNingizimu Afrika ngasekupheleni kukaMashi noma ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izithombo zikhula kahle ngaphambi kokubusika nokuthi entwasahlobo ziqinile futhi zizinzile.
Hlwanyela imbewu ye-lavender ibe yizimbewu zembewu endaweni evikelekile noma yokushisa phakathi kukaJuni kanti ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo izithombo kufanele zibe namandla ngokwanele ukutshala emasimini. Izithombo ngokuvamile ziqinile ngokwanele amasonto ayisishiyagalombili emva kokutshala imbewu.
Izithombo nazo zingatshalwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. ENingizimu Afrika ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba ngemuva kweqhwa lokugcina.
Isikhathi Sokukhula
Amasonto ayishumi nambili ekushiseni okushisa kufanele akhiqize izithombo ezinamandla ezivela ezicutheni ezilungele ukutshala emasimini. Abakhiqizi abaningi baqala ukuvuna i-lavender ngonyaka wesibili noma ehlobo. Kwesinye isikhathi lapho ukutshala ekwindla kwenziwa khona ihlobo lokuqala lingase linikeze ukusika.
Kusukela ngonyaka wesibili, isivuno sesibili singenziwa ngaphambi kwekwindla. Unyaka wesibili wokuvunwa uzoletha imikhiqizo ephakeme. Izitshalo ze-lavender zingavuna iminyaka engu-10 kuya kwezingu-12 uma ziphathwa kahle. Izitshalo ze-lavender ezifana nezinye izitshalo ziba nzima kakhulu futhi ziphaphathekile njengoba zikhula ngakho kufanele zithathwe ukuze zingalimazi umgomo wesitshalo njengoba zingase zife.
Umanyolo
Ungadluli ngaphezulu kwe-lavender. Ngaphambi kokutshala, isampula yomhlabathi esimele kufanele ithathwe futhi ithunyelwe ukuze ihlaziywe. Lokhu kuzoveza uhlobo lomhlabathi kanye nezidingo zomsoco ezitshalweni ezihlosiwe. Ukuze uthole umhlahlandlela onzima, lesi sincomo esilandelayo singasetshenziswa uma kungekho ukuhlaziywa kwenhlabathi. Isicelo sokuqala esingu-250 kg se-3:1:5 singasakazwa futhi sifakwe enhlabathini engaphezulu kuka-20 cm ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo ze-lavender.
Lokhu kuzokwenza izithombo ezintsha zibe isiqalo esihle ekuzimiseni. Phakathi nezinyanga ezingu-12 zokuqala, kubalulekile ukugcina lezi zitshalo zikhula ngakho-ke ezinye izicelo ezimbili ze-200 kg we-3:1:5 zingasetshenziswa kanye nemigqa yezitshalo, eyodwa ngoNovemba kanti enye ngoMashi. Uma ukuvunwa kuqala kuphakanyiswa ukuba ukhule kancane ngemva kokunqunywa kokuvunwa. Ngomanyolo wokunisela, umanyolo omanyolo kumele usetshenziswe emanzini.
Ukunisela
Isitshalo se-lavender siyisitshalo esine-hardy futhi asidingi amanzi amaningi. Uma etshalwe ngaphandle kokunisela unomphela imvula engaba ngu-800 mm isakazeka ngaphezu konyaka kufanele ibe yanele.
Ukufaka ukuchelela unomphela kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukwandisa isivuno lapho kungekho khona imvula ngezikhathi ezithile ikakhulukazi ezinyangeni zasehlobo. Ukunisela ukuchelela kungcono kodwa ungapheli-ukuchelela njengoba lokhu kubangela izifo ezimpande futhi kunciphise izinga lamafutha abalulekile.
Kuye ngezinhlobo zenhlabathi nesimo sezulu, imiqulu yokunisela iyohluka kusuka ensimini kuya ensimini. Inani eliphakathi liphakathi kuka-15 no-20 mm ngeviki phakathi nezinyanga zasehlobo zasehlobo futhi kuyanciphisa noma kumelela ukuchelela ngenkathi epholile noma enezinyanga zonyaka. Unganisela isonto ngaphambi kokuvuna, kodwa ukuchelela ngokushesha emva kokuvuna ukubuyisela inhlabathi emanzini amathumba okunciphisa ukucindezeleka.
Kunconywa ukufaka amadivaysi okuqapha umswakama ngokuqhubekayo ukuqapha inhlabathi.
Ukulawula Ukhula
Ukulawula ukhula emasimini kubaluleke kakhulu. Lawula ngesandla noma nge-harrow mechanical noma umlimi. Lokhu kungenziwa futhi ngokuhlanganiswa ngendwangu yamapulasitiki emhlabathini noma nge-mulching yemifino ukuvimba ukhula lukhule. Izitshalo eziphakeme ezitshalwe ngaphansi kokunisela, kuhle ukusibekela phansi nokunciphisa ukuvela kwamanoni. Uma abalimi bephuza amafutha abo, khona-ke imfucumfucu ephuma emithonjeni yokuphuza izidakamizwa ingasetshenziswa njenge-mulching emigqeni yezitshalo.
Translated by Nsika Khoza