Ukukhiqizwa Emhlabeni Jikelele
Ama-apula angenye yezithelo ezithandwa futhi ezikhiqizwe kabanzi. Akhiqizwa ezifundeni ezishisayo emhlabeni wonke, kuzo zombili iziNhlangakazi zaseNyakatho neziseningizimu. I-China ihola umhlaba ngamanani okukhiqiza ama-apula, akhiqiza amathani angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-40 ngonyaka, alandelwe yi-USA. Yize ukukhiqizwa kwama-apula kunesizini, ama-apula atholakala ezimakethe zamazwe omhlaba unyaka wonke ngenxa yokuthengiswa komhlaba okuthunyelwa ngaphandle.
Ukukhiqizwa KwaseNingizimu Afrika
Ama-apula akhiqizwe ezentengiselwano eNingizimu Afrika kusukela ngeminyaka yo-1880 futhi athunyelwa eSouth Africa e-United Kingdom kusukela ngawo-1890s. Kuqala, izihlahla zezithelo zakhiwa ezifundeni ezikhiqiza izithelo ezitholakala eNtshonalanga Kapa kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuze kube manje kukhiqizwa ama-apula kulo lonke elaseNingizimu Afrika.
Indawo Yokukhiqiza
I-Western Cape yisifunda esikhulu kunazo zonke sokukhiqiza ama-apula futhi sisebenza ngaphezu kwengxenye yokukhiqizwa kwama-apula ezweni. Izifunda ezinkulu kakhulu zokukhiqiza ama-apula azungeze amadolobha aseWestern Cape eCeres, iWolseley, i-Elgin neVilliersdorp. Isifunda iLangkloof siseduzane naseNingizimu Afrika eseNingizimu Kapa futhi sifinyelela umngcele phakathi kweNtshonalanga neMpumalanga Kapa futhi sikhiqiza cishe ama-20% ama-apula aleli lizwe.
Kukhona futhi nezindawo zokukhiqiza ezincane kodwa ezikhulayo zikhuphuka ngasenyakatho ezweni esifundazweni saseFree State, eMpumalanga naseLimpopo. Izihlahla zezithelo kulezi zifunda zivame ukuba zintsha kakhulu kunezithelo zezihlahla eziya ngaseningizimu, njengoba ukukhiqizwa kwe-apula bekungatholakali ngaphambili ngenxa yesichotho esivame ukubakhona kulezi zindawo, kepha ngokusungulwa kwamanetha wesichotho, manje aseyasebenza. Lezi yizifunda zokuqala zaseNingizimu Afrika zokukhiqiza futhi njengoba ziqala ukukhiqiza ngasekupheleni kukaDisemba, zinezidingo eziphakeme ngesikhathi samaholide kaDisemba.
Izinhlobo
Izinhlobo ezinkulu ezikhiqizwe eNingizimu Afrika yiGolden Delicious (24%), iRoyal Gala / Gala (17%), iGranny Smith (15%), iCripp's Pink nePink Lady® (11%), iTopred / Starking (11%), UFuji (9%), uCripp's Red, uJoya ® (5%) noBraeburn (3%).
Isikhathi
Ukuvunwa kwe-apula kwaseNingizimu Afrika kuqala ngamanani amancane okuqala ngoDisemba. Isikhathi sokuvuna esiphakeme sisukela ngasekupheleni kukaJanuwari kuya kuMeyi. Yize isikhathi sokukhetha i-apula siphela ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi, ama-apula esivuniwe agcinwa ngokuphephile amasonto esimweni sezulu esilawulwayo futhi athengiswa kwasendaweni futhi athunyelwa ngaphakathi kuze kube nguNovemba.
Ukuthengisa
Imboni yama-apula yaseNingizimu Afrika, ihlose kakhulu emakethe yokuthumela ngaphandle, kepha futhi ihlinzeka neNingizimu Afrika kanye namazwe aseningizimu neNingizimu Afrika ngezithelo ezisezingeni. Imakethe enkulu kunazo zonke yama-apula aseNingizimu Afrika imakethe yase-Afrika ekhula ngokushesha (30%). Lokhu kulandelwa yiMpumalanga Ekude Ne-Asia (31%), UK (18%) Middle East (7%), kanye neYurophu (6%). Esikhathini esedlule, i-Europe ne-UK bekungamasiko emakethe enkulu kunazo zonke ama-apula aseNingizimu Afrika, kepha isidingo esandayo e-Afrika nase-Asia sikubonile lokhu kuguquka kwezindawo ezimakethe kuthuthukisa kule minyaka engamashumi amabili edlule.
Imisebenzi
Ama-apula anomsoco futhi anokuqukethwe okuhle kwe-fiber. Izithelo nesikhumba kuyadliwa futhi ngama-pips nomongo kuphela ovame ukulahlwa. Ama-apula adliwe aluhlaza futhi asetshenziswa kumasaladi noma aphekelwe amasosa nojamu noma asetshenziswa ekubhaka. Ama-apula nawo akhanywa ijusi le-apula, ijusi egxila noma i-cider. Ama-apula nawo asemakhonteni noma omisiwe.
Translated by Nsika Khoza