Imveliso kwi Hlabathi Lonke
I-apile sesinye sezona ziqhamo zexhaphake, kwaye ziveliswa kwiindawo ezininzi. Ama apile aveliswa kwimimandla efudumeleyo kwihlabathi lonke. Ilizwe lase China lihamba phambili ngemveliso yama apile. Eli lizwe livelisa isibalo esingaphakwa kwe zigidi ezingama 40 zee toni ngonyaka, ze kulandele iMelika. Nangona ama apile ekhula ngamaxesha athile onyaka, anakho ukufumaneka unyaka wonke ngenxa yentegiso nonaniselwano lwamanye amazwe.
Imveliso eMzantsi Afrika
Ama apile aqala ukuveliswa eMzantsi Afrika ukusukela kwiminyaka yoo 1880 kwaye aqala ukuthengiselwa amazwe afana ne United Kingdom ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo 1890. Ekuqaleni, iifama zama apile zazikwi phondo le Ntshona Koloni kuphela, kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha ukuza kuthi gaa namhlanje, ama apile aveliswa kulo lonke elo Mzantsi Afrika.
Ingingqi ye Mveliso
Intshona Koloni ngowona mmandla mkhulu ekuveliseni ama apile, kwaye uvelisa ngaphaya kwesiqingatha zemveliso yama apile kwilizwe liphela. Eyona mimandla ivelisa kakhulu ama apile kwelase Ntshona Koloni, zii dolophu ze Ceres, Wolseley, Elgin kunye nase Villiersdorp. Ummandla wase Langkloof ukufuphi na Mazants Koloni kwaye lo mmandla umi kumda we phondo lase Ntshona nase Mpuma Koloni kwaye uvelisa malunga nama 20% wama apile elizwe.
Zikwakhona ke nezinye iingigqi ezincinane, kodwa ezikhulayo zemveliso. Ezi ngingqi zingentla phaya phezulu apha elizweni kumaphondo ase Free State, Mpumalanga kunye nase Limpopo. Ubunintsi beentsimi zama apile kule mimandla zisentsha kunezo zisemazantsi. Oku kungenxa yokuba imveliso yama apile yayingaphumeleli ngenxa yamaqhwa ayehlasela ezi ngingqi rhoqo.
Kodwa ke, ngoku veliswa kweminatha ethintela amaqhwa, sele kulula ngoku ukuvelisa ama apile kwezi ngingqi. Kule mimandla kukhawuleza kuvunwe, kwaye ziqala ukuvelisa ama apile ekupheleni kwenyanga yoMnga. Ama apile ezi ngingqi athengwa kakhulu ngethuba leeholide zokuphela konyaka.
Iindidi Ezikhoyo
Iindidi ezihamba phambili neziveliswa eMzantsi Afrika zii: Africa are Golden Delicious (24%), Royal Gala/Gala (17%), Granny Smith (15%), Cripp’s Pink and Pink Lady ® (11%), Topred/Starking (11%), Fuji (9%), Cripp’s Red, Joya ® (5%) kunye ne Braeburn (3%).
Amaxesha Esivuno
Isivuno eMzantsi Afrika siqala ngezibalo ezincinci kwinyanga yoMnga/Disemba. Ze esona sivuno siba sikhulu siba sekupheleni kwenyanga ka Januwari ukuya kweka Meyi. Nangona ukuvunwa kwama apile kuphela ekupheleni kuka Meyi, ama apile asele evuniwe agcinwa isithuba see veki kwindawo enobushushu obulawulekayo. Aye ke athengiswe apha elizweni aphinde athengiswe kwamanye amazwe de kufike inyaka ka Novemba.
Intengiso
Ushishino lwe Apile eMzantsi Afrika lujolise kakhulu kwi makethize zentengiso yangaphandle eMzantsi Afrika. Kodwa ke, lukwathengisela noMzantsi Afrika kunye namaze angqongileyo akuMazantsi Afrika ngeziqhamo ezisemgangathweni. Eyona makethi inkulu yama apile ase Mzantsi Afrika, yileyo yase Afrika, kwaye iya ikhula (30%). Le makethi ilandelwa ngamazwe ase Mpuma kunye ne Asia (31%), UK (18%) Middle East (7%), kunye ne Europe (6%). Kudala, amazwe ase Europe kunye nase UK ayekade ezezona makethi zinkulu zama apile ase Mzantsi Afrika, kodwa ngokuye kukhula ukufunwa kwala ma apilie kwilizwekazi lase Afrika nase Asia oku kutshintshe kakhulu kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini egqithileyo.
Imisebenzi
Ama apile azele zizinongo kunye nee faybha elungele umzimba. Isiqhamo kunye nexolo ziyatyiwa, into elahlwayo ziintanga nesikhondo. Ama apile awadingi kuphekwa, kodwa angaphekwa kwenziwe iisosi kunye neejem okanye ekubhakeni. Ama apile asenokusetyenziswa nakwii saladi. Esi siqhamo sisenokukhanywa kwenziwe ngaso ijusi, umxube we jusi okanye isiselo esinxilisayo. Ama apile asenoku nkonkxwa okanye omiswe.
Translated by Zizipho Silwana