I-'fig' iyisithelo esithandwayo sokudla okusha, njengezithelo ezomisiwe noma ezisetshenziselwa ujamu, amakhethini nokushukela. Ikhiqizwa emazweni angaphezu kwama-50 emhlabeni jikelele, futhi ikhula kahle ezindaweni ezifudumele nezomile kodwa ezomile zaseNingizimu Afrika.
Muva nje, amakhiwane anemibala emnyama aya esanda ngokuthandwa, ubuchwepheshe bokupholisa busizile ukuthuthukisa impilo yeshalofu yamakhiwane asanda kufakwa, kanti ukuthunyelwa kwamakhiwane aseNingizimu Afrika nge-airfreight, kube nomthelela kumkhiqizo oqhubekayo wokuthumela ngaphandle, phakathi nezinyanga zikaNovemba / Disemba kuya ku-Ephreli / Meyi.
Imakethe ye-niche yamakhiwane wezingane avela eNingizimu Afrika, we-Evita (Great Parisian) ehlukahlukene iyakhula.
Umlando Wamakhiwane
Kungenzeka ukuthi amakhiwane avela eNtshonalanga Asia futhi angalandelelwa emuva cishe ngo-5000 B.C. Basakazeka nabahambi futhi yangeniswa e-UK, China naseYurophu ngabo-1500s.
Ngawo-1800 atshalwa emapulazini nasezivandeni zaseNingizimu Afrika kepha awazange athengiswe ngokuhweba kuze kube sekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1900s. Ngawo-1910 uPiet Cilliers angenisa izinto zezitshalo ezivela eCalifornia futhi watyala isivuno sokuqala sezithelo zomkhiwane epulazini lakhe eWellington eNtshonalanga Kapa. Umkhakha wamakhiya ekuqaleni wagxila ekomiseni amakhiwane nakujamu wamakhiwane futhi wakhula ngomkhiqizo wokuthengisa wejamu nokufakwa kwamakhiwane aluhlaza (amakhiwane e-burba).
Kusekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-2000, ukukhiqizwa kwamakhiwane amasha emakethe yokudla kwaqala eSouth Africa ngokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe e-UK nasezitolo ezinkulu zase-Europe.
Ukukhiqizwa Kwamakhiwane Emhlabeni Jikelele
Kukhiqizwa amathani amakhiwane angaphezu kwezigidi eziyinkulungwane emazweni angaphezu kuka-50 emhlabeni jikelele. Umkhiqizi omkhulu wamakhiwane yiTurkey, ekhiqiza cishe ama-26% womkhiqizo womhlaba. Isilimo sabo esiyinhloko yi-'Bloud Bursa' ikhiwane elikhulu lesikhumba emnyama elinempilo ende eshalofini. I-Turkey nayo ingumkhiqizi oyinhloko wamakhiwane omisiwe.
Amanye amazwe akhiqiza amakhiwane yiGibhithe, Algeria, Tunisia neMorocco e-Afrika kanye neSyria, i-USA, iBrazil, iSpain ne-Iran.
Izindawo Zokukhiqizwa Kwezithelo zaseNingizimu Afrika
I-Ningizimu Afrika inamahektha angama-222 atshaliselwe ukukhiqiza amakhiwane amakhiwane (2019).
Ihlobo elomile elifudumele lesifunda esomile sase Klein Karoo lilungele kakhulu amakhiwane avuthiwe, kepha amakhiwane eNingizimu Afrika atshalwa ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene. Lokhu kubandakanya indawo yaseSwartland (Porterville, Riebeeck Valley, Malmesbury kanye neHermon), Paarl, Worcester, Napier e-Overberg nase Klein Karoo (Kammanassie ndawo eduze nase-Oudtshoorn nasePrince Albert).
Idolobhana laseBonnievale likhiqiza amakhiwane aluhlaza - obizwa nangokuthi amakhiwane e-breba - ukuze alondolozwe futhi kukhona nokutshala okuthile esifundazweni saseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga eduze naseRustenburg, eBrits naseMagaliesberg. Ukomiswa okunikezelwe kwe-'White Genoa' ne-'Adamu' izinhlobo zomkhiwane kwenziwa ePrince Albert.
Isikhathi Sokukhiqiza Izithelo
Isikhathi samakhiwane eNingizimu Afrika siqala ngokuvunwa kwamakhiwane e-breba ngoNovemba kuya cishe phakathi noDisemba. Amakhiwane eBreba angamakhiwane akhula amahlumela wesizini edlule. Izinhlobonhlobo ezikhiqiza la makhhiwane okuqala ngu-'Adamu', 'White Genoa' no 'Dauphine'.
Isivuno esikhulu samakhiwane siqala ngoJanuwari ngeRonde de Bordeaux encane, eqala ngoJan - Mashi, bese iTangier ivunwa maphakathi noJanuwari kuya kuFebhuwari. Isizini iphela ngeParisian, nayo eqala maphakathi noJanuwari futhi iphela ngo-Ephreli.
Ukuthengisa Kwamakhiwane eNingizimu Afrika
Ngokusho koMnyango wezoLimo, amaHlathi kanye nezokudoba (i-DAFF) ukukhiqizwa ngokuphelele kwamakhiwane amasha eNingizimu Afrika kucishe kube ngamathani angama-2 000 ngonyaka kusuka ngonyaka we-2013/2014 kuze kube ngu-2017/2018. Kulokhu, cishe i-10% ithengiswa okusha ezimakethe zaseNingizimu Afrika futhi elinye i-12% - 13% liyacutshungulwa.
Ngokusho kweHortgro, iNingizimu Afrika yathunyelwa amathani amakhiwane angama-380 ngesizini ka-2017/18, cishe ama-0.12% amakhiwane omhlaba. Amazwe angenisa kakhulu amakhiwane aseNingizimu Afrika yi-UK, Hong Kong neNetherlands.
Translated by Nsika Khoza