Igama elivamile: Ikhukhamba
Amakhukhamba akhiqizwa kwezohwebo, eNingizimu Afrika, ezweni elivulekile nasezindlini zokugcina izithombo. Umthetho ovamile wukuthi abakhiqizi abakhulu bamakhukhamba okucubungulayo kwenziwa ezindaweni ezivulekile kanye namakhukhamba okusetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa okusha ezindaweni eziningi zokugcina izithombo, njengoba lokhu kuvumela ukukhiqizwa okulula konyaka ukuqinisekisa ukunikezwa okuqhubekayo.
Ikhukhamba iyingxenye yeCucurbitaceae yomndeni, njengoba ingamathanga, ikhabe, i-cantaloupe ne-squash.
Amakhokheni acatshangwa ukuthi avele eNingizimu ye-Asia nasezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho ye-Southeast Asia.
Incazelo Yokutshala
Isitshalo sekhukhamba ngumvini olandelanayo, ngaphandle kwe-trellis ukukhuphuka, uzofaka indawo enkulu yomhlabathi. Lesi sitshalo sinamaqabunga amakhulu aluhlaza obuhlaza obumnyama okwesimiso esine-triangular. Lesi sitshalo sisekelwa i-taproot eqinile engakhula ibe yi-meter eyodwa nakuba iningi lezimpande ezizuzisayo zikhona enhlabathini engaphezulu kuka-30 cm. Lesi sitshalo sikhiqiza izimbali eziphuzi zesilisa nabesifazane. Izimbali zesilisa zivela kuqala bese izimbali zabesifazane. Izimbali zabesifazane zine-ovary evuvukale ehlukile emhlabathini, kanti kamuva udala izithelo ezibunjwa nge-cylindrical. Izimbali ezingaba ngu-10 zizoqhakaza yonke imbali yesifazane.Izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zekhukhamba ezikhiqizwa yi-ikhukhamba ejwayelekile, eveza izithelo ezinamakhakhamba angama-20 cm ubude neziNgisi ezikhula phakathi kuka-30 no-40 cm ubude. Ububanzi obuphakathi kwamakhukhamba uma ulungele ukukhipha cishe ngo-4 kuya ku-5 cm.
Ukusetshenziswa
Ikhukhamba yesiNgisi isetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa okusha njengaladidi ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwamanzi aphezulu kakhulu kanye nesikhumba esithambile. Ikhukhamba ejwayelekile ingadliwa yasha kodwa kufanele ihlutswe ngenxa yesikhumba sayo esinzima nesikhumba esibi. Ikhukhamba ejwayelekile inemancane amancane futhi isetshenziselwa ukucubungula. Ukhukhamba nazo zithathwa esiteji sabo esincane noma esishada njengemifino yezingane.Ikhukhamba iyisimiso sokudla futhi ihlanza uhlelo lokugaya. Ibuye iphule i-uric acid futhi kuthiwa inhle kubagulayo be-arthritis.
Izidingo Zomhlabathi Nokulungiselela
Isitshalo sekhukhamba sikhetha inhlabathi enomhlabathi egcwele kahle enezinga eliphezulu lezinto eziphilayo. I-pH yenhlabathi kufanele ibe phakathi kuka-6 no-7.Thatha amasampula omhlabathi futhi uwahlaziye. Pula uphinde uchithe inhlabathi engaphezulu kuka-500 mm ukufaka izakhi kanye nezakhi eziphilayo ezidingekayo ngokuhlaziywa kwenhlabathi nokuqinisekisa ukutholakala kahle kwempande kanye namanzi.
Lungisa ama-seedbeds okungenani amasonto amane ngaphambi kokutshala. Lokhu kuhlanza inhlabathi yokhula nesitshalo esidala noma ukuhlala ukhula. Kungcono ukutshala imbewu emibhedeni ephakanyiswe kancane ehlanganiswe ne-plastic black mulching. Ngaphambi kokumboza imibhede ufake ukuchelela kokunisela futhi uqiniseke ukuthi inhlabathi i-pH edingekayo futhi ukuthi umanyolo ongaphambi kokutshala usetshenziswe enhlabathini engaphezulu kuka-20 cm emgqeni wezitshalo nge-harrow noma umlimi.
Isimo Sezulu
Ama-subtropical owomile ezindaweni ezifudumele ezishisayo angcono kakhulu ekukhiqizeni ikhukhamba. Ukushisa kwamazwe angaphezu kwe-15°C kuyadingeka ukuze kuhlume imbewu enhle. Ukushisa okuhle kakhulu ekukhiqizeni izimbali nezithelo kuphakathi kuka-20°C no-24°C. Ukukhula kwe-vegetative okuhle kakhulu kwenzeka phakathi kuka-26°C no-30°C. Ukulinganisa okuhle kwenkathi ekhulayo yekhukhamba kungaba phakathi kuka-22°C no-28°C. Umswakama ophezulu kanye nemvula evamile akulungile njengoba lokhu kukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo.Izinhlobo
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobonhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zekhukhamba kokubili kwemvelo kanye nenzalo. Inkambo enhle kakhulu yokunquma ukukhiqiza ukhukhamba ngokuthengisa ukukhula lokho okufunwa yimakethe. Futhi uthole iseluleko sochwepheshe kusuka ezikhulwini ezengeziwe, abacebisi be-horticultural kanye nophiko lwezolimo.Ezinye izinhlobo zokuhweba zekhukhamba yizi: Ashley, Beit Alpha, Carmen, Cohiba Delft, Long White, Marketmore, Muncher, National, Polaris, Sorolla, Eight Eight, Telegraph, Trimax noZena.Translated by Nsika Khoza